An all-terrain vehicle (ATV) has a frame having front and rear ends, an internal combustion engine connected to the frame, the engine including a front portion and a rear portion, a single cylinder defining a cylinder axis, an air intake port defined in the front portion facing towards the front end of the frame, and an exhaust port defined in the rear portion facing towards the rear end of the frame. The ATV further has an exhaust assembly fluidly connected to the exhaust port. The exhaust assembly extends from the engine towards the rear end of the frame. The ATV further has a continuously variable transmission operatively connected to the engine, which includes a primary pulley being operatively connected to the engine, a secondary pulley, a drive belt looped around the primary and secondary pulleys, and a housing enclosing the primary pulley, the secondary pulley, and the drive belt.

A transfer case includes a primary output shaft, a secondary output shaft, a clutch, and a hub. The clutch includes a plurality of interleaved plates for selectively rotationally coupling the primary output shaft to the secondary output shaft. The hub rotationally couples the primary output shaft and the clutch. The hub includes an outer annular member and an inner annular member. The inner annular member is rotatable within the outer annular member for the hub to selectively release oil into the clutch.

A four-wheel driving apparatus for a vehicle may include a planetary gear set including a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear, and provided so that the sun gear is coupled to a transmission output shaft; a counter shaft provided in parallel to the transmission output shaft; a sleeve included in the counter shaft, receiving operating force of a shift fork to slide along a longitudinal direction of the counter shaft, and provided to be selectively coupled to any one of the sun gear and the carrier of the planetary gear set according to a sliding position; a center differential connected to a front differential through a front output shaft and connected to a rear differential through a rear output shaft; and a transfer gear device disposed to connect between the counter shaft and any one of the front output shaft and the rear output shaft.

A transfer case (18) is disclosed. The transfer case (18) includes an input shaft (16) and a sun gear (56). The sun gear (56) includes a collar end (58) and a gear end (60) and at least a portion of the sun gear (56) circumscribes the input shaft (16). A hub (62) circumscribes the collar end (58) and the input shaft (16), and may be slidably move between a first position (64) and a second position (66) opposite the first position (64) along the input shaft (16) and the collar end (58). A plurality of planetary gears (70) is mounted in a carrier body (72) circumscribing the gear end (60), and the carrier body (72) is splined with the transfer case input shaft (16). A ring gear (78) circumscribes the plurality of planetary gears (70) mounted in the carrier body (72), and is integrally joined with an output shaft (20). The ring gear (78) is rotatable around the plurality of planetary gears (70).

An inter-axle differential assembly comprising a driving input shaft, a forward differential wheel, a rear differential wheel, a differential spider connected for common rotation with the input shaft and on which differential pinions configured to meshingly engage with said differential wheels are rotatably mounted, and a differential housing to which the differential spider is connected for common rotation. The assembly comprising an output wheel via which torque is transferable to a rear driving axle, and a connection means movable between: an open position which connects the output wheel to the rear differential wheel so that the differential housing can rotate independently of the rear differential wheel, a locking position connecting both of the differential housing and the output wheel to the rear differential wheel, and a disconnecting position connecting the differential housing to the rear differential wheel, so that the output wheel can rotate independently of the rear differential wheel.

Embodiments relate to an off-road vehicle comprising a frame, including at a frame, a passenger compartment, a driveline that includes at least a drive system and a driven system, and a constant velocity (CV) joint for coupling the driven system to the drive system. The CV joint includes a housing, a coupling shaft, a detent, a plunge pin and an actuation pin, wherein the actuation pin has a first end that is accessible via an aperture in the housing, wherein actuation of the actuation pin determines whether the plunge pin is in the first position or the second position.

In accordance with one aspect of the techniques described herein, there is provided a vehicle comprising an engine, an automatic, robotic, or continuously variable transmission mechanically coupled to the engine, a four-wheel drive system, a vehicle control system coupled to the engine, the four-wheel drive system and the transmission, a breaking system, a gas pedal for controlling the operation of the engine, a break pedal for controlling the operation of the breaking system, the gas pedal and the break pedal being disposed in the vehicle for control by a right foot of the driver, the vehicle further comprising an additional pedal being disposed in the vehicle for control by a left foot of the driver and coupled to the vehicle control system, wherein the additional pedal is separate and distinct from the break pedal and the gas pedal and wherein additional pedal controls the four-wheel drive system of the vehicle.

A device and a method for operating a multi-axle drive train for a motor vehicle. A first axle and a second axle are operatively connected, at least temporarily, to a drive device. When the second axle is decoupled from the drive device and a request for multi-axle drive with a first value is present, the second axle is coupled to the drive device only when a noise-masking event occurs, or when the second axle is coupled to the drive device and the request for multi-axle drive is absent, the second axle is decoupled from the drive device only when the noise-masking event occurs.

A four-wheel driving apparatus for a vehicle may include a planetary gear set including a sun gear, a carrier, and a ring gear, and provided so that the sun gear is coupled to a transmission output shaft; a counter shaft provided in parallel to the transmission output shaft; a sleeve included in the counter shaft, receiving operating force of a shift fork to slide along a longitudinal direction of the counter shaft, and provided to be selectively coupled to any one of the sun gear and the carrier of the planetary gear set according to a sliding position; a center differential connected to a front differential through a front output shaft and connected to a rear differential through a rear output shaft; and a transfer gear device disposed to connect between the counter shaft and any one of the front output shaft and the rear output shaft.

A drive force transmission apparatus is mountable on a four-wheel drive vehicle switchable between a four-wheel drive mode that transmits a drive force of an engine to front wheels and rear wheels, and a two-wheel drive mode that transmits the drive force to only the front wheels. The drive force transmission apparatus allows adjustment of the drive force to the rear wheels, and includes a multi-plate clutch, a piston for axially pressing the multi-plate clutch, an actuator for axially moving the piston, and a control unit for controlling the actuator. Upon satisfaction of a predetermined condition that indicates a high probability of the vehicle needing to be switched from the two-wheel drive mode to the four-wheel drive mode, the control unit causes the actuator to displace the piston by a predetermined amount with respect to an initial position of the piston toward the multi-plate clutch.