A sprinkler assembly includes a pipe portion extending from an inlet end to an outlet end. The sprinkler assembly includes a stop coupled with the outlet end, the stop including a first wall and a second wall extending from the first wall, the first wall across the outlet end, the second wall contacting an inner surface of the pipe portion. The sprinkler assembly includes a plug coupled with the inlet end, the plug including a rim, a plug wall extending from the rim, and an end wall connected with the plug wall and opposite the rim, the plug wall contacting the inner surface of the pipe portion.

A system includes a manifold and a flow control valve. The flow control valve includes an inlet defining an inlet chamber, an outlet defining an outlet chamber, and a movable member positioned in a control chamber coupled with the inlet and the outlet. The manifold includes a valve actuator, an inlet port that connects with the inlet chamber, an outlet port that connects with the outlet chamber, and a control port that connects the valve actuator with the control chamber to cause the movable member to change from a sealed state that prevents fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet to an unsealed state that allows fluid flow between the inlet and the outlet responsive to operation of the valve actuator.

A fire suppression sprinkler assembly coupled to a mounting surface includes a sprinkler having a heat responsive element arranged adjacent a first end. A cover plate is positioned adjacent the heat responsive element and includes a thermally conductive cover layer. A reflective shield has a reflective interior surface. The reflective shield is positioned substantially opposite the cover plate adjacent the first end of the sprinkler such that heat reflects from the top plate towards the heat responsive element.

A fire suppression sprinkler assembly coupled to a mounting surface includes a sprinkler having a heat responsive element arranged adjacent a first end. A cover plate is positioned adjacent the heat responsive element and includes a thermally conductive cover layer. A reflective shield has a reflective interior surface. The reflective shield is positioned substantially opposite the cover plate adjacent the first end of the sprinkler such that heat reflects from the top plate towards the heat responsive element.

A flexible dry sprinkler has an inlet having an inlet orifice, an outlet, a flexible tube having a first end attached to the inlet and a second end attached to the outlet, an inlet seal for sealing the inlet orifice, whereby, when the inlet seal releases, fluid is permitted to flow from the inlet orifice to the outlet through the flexible tube, and a yoke positioned in the inlet, the yoke having a plurality of spaced-apart legs that permit the fluid to flow passed the yoke toward the outlet.

A flexible dry sprinkler has an inlet having an inlet orifice, an outlet, a flexible tube having a first end attached to the inlet and a second end attached to the outlet, an inlet seal for sealing the inlet orifice, whereby, when the inlet seal releases, fluid is permitted to flow from the inlet orifice to the outlet through the flexible tube, and a yoke positioned in the inlet, the yoke having a plurality of spaced-apart legs that permit the fluid to flow passed the yoke toward the outlet.

A fire protection sprinkler system includes a horizontal barrier that covers two adjacent racks, and the vertical flue space between the racks. The horizontal barrier is provided at a predetermined height, and has a width that is at least equal to a width of the rack, and a depth that is at least equal to a sum of a depth of the rack, a depth of the other rack, and a depth of the vertical flue space. In addition, the horizontal barrier can be a sheet having one or more apertures. The system also includes a rack level fire protection sprinkler connected to a fluid supply conduit, and being disposed in the vertical flue space below the horizontal barrier. The rack level sprinkler has a K-factor of 11.2 gpm/(psi).sup.½ or greater, and is vertically spaced from commodities stored on the rack and the other rack covered by the horizontal barrier.

A fire protection sprinkler system includes a horizontal barrier that covers two adjacent racks, and the vertical flue space between the racks. The horizontal barrier is provided at a predetermined height, and has a width that is at least equal to a width of the rack, and a depth that is at least equal to a sum of a depth of the rack, a depth of the other rack, and a depth of the vertical flue space. In addition, the horizontal barrier can be a sheet having one or more apertures. The system also includes a rack level fire protection sprinkler connected to a fluid supply conduit, and being disposed in the vertical flue space below the horizontal barrier. The rack level sprinkler has a K-factor of 11.2 gpm/(psi).sup.½ or greater, and is vertically spaced from commodities stored on the rack and the other rack covered by the horizontal barrier.

An electronic accelerator includes a pressure sensor, a first control valve, and a control circuit. The pressure sensor detects a pressure in a fluid supply line between a fluid supply and at least one sprinkler head. The first control valve is coupled to a second control valve that when open permits fluid to flow from the fluid supply to the at least one sprinkler head. The control circuit receives the pressure detected by the pressure sensor, determines the at least one sprinkler head to be open based on the pressure detected by the pressure sensor, and in response causes the first control valve to open to reduce a chamber pressure in a chamber of the second control valve to cause the second control valve to open to permit fluid to flow from the fluid supply through the fluid supply line to the at least one sprinkler head.

System and methods to provide ceiling-only suppression fire protection of up to fifty feet (50 ft.) of rack storage of cartoned unexpanded plastic commodities and less hazardous commodities, such as for example, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, Class 4 and/or combinations thereof beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to fifty-five feet (55 ft.). The systems and methods provide for hydraulic and system parameters that include a hydraulic design area based upon five to no more than twelve hydraulically most remote sprinklers spaced at a preferred sprinkler-to-sprinkler spacing of eight to ten feet (8-10 ft.) coupled to two to four branch lines tied to a common cross main supply pipe of firefighting fluid.