In one embodiment, an apparatus for motor stoppage during a battery disconnect includes a safe torque off circuit, a backup power source, and a feedback input. The backup power source is configured to supply power to the safe torque off circuit. The feedback input is configured to provide a status signal to the safe torque off circuit. The safe torque off circuit is configured to provide a switch signal to a motor circuit in response to the status signal.

In an all-wheel drive arrangement with low input torque especially for the skid-steer loaders controlled by a control unit, made up of battery, frequency converter, electric joystick and/or electro-hydraulic switchgear, both sides of the vehicle control include at least two wheels, each wheel connected to a planetary gearing. The gearing equipped with the infinite gear member (e.g. belt, chain) transfers the torque from the electric motor to each wheel on one side of the vehicle controlled, whereby the planetary gear directly drives the particular wheel.

In a regenerative braking device of a dump truck comprising an engine, a first generator and a second generator driven by the engine, at least one travel motor driven by generated electric power of the first generator and at least one fan motor to which generated electric power of the second generator is inputted via a first rectifier circuit, the regenerative braking device comprises: a resistive element to which regenerating electric power from the at least one travel motor in regenerative braking is supplied and which is cooled by at least one fan driven by the at least one fan motor and converts electric energy into heat energy and dissipates heat; and a DC/DC converter that inputs a part of the regenerating electric power which is supplied to the resistive element to an output line of the first rectifier circuit via a second rectifier circuit.

In a regenerative braking device of a dump truck comprising an engine, a first generator and a second generator driven by the engine, at least one travel motor driven by generated electric power of the first generator and at least one fan motor to which generated electric power of the second generator is inputted via a first rectifier circuit, the regenerative braking device comprises: a resistive element to which regenerating electric power from the at least one travel motor in regenerative braking is supplied and which is cooled by at least one fan driven by the at least one fan motor and converts electric energy into heat energy and dissipates heat; and a DC/DC converter that inputs a part of the regenerating electric power which is supplied to the resistive element to an output line of the first rectifier circuit via a second rectifier circuit.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collects, charges and distributes portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). Vehicle diagnostic data of a vehicle using the portable electrical energy storage device is stored on a diagnostic data storage system of the portable electrical energy storage device during use of a respective portable electrical energy storage device by a respective vehicle. Once the user places the portable electrical energy storage device in the collection, charging and distribution machine, or comes within wireless communications range of a collection, charging and distribution machine, a connection is established between the collection, charging and distribution machine and the portable electrical energy storage device. The collection, charging and distribution machine then reads vehicle diagnostic data stored on the diagnostic data storage system of the portable electrical energy storage device and provides information regarding the diagnostic data.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collects, charges and distributes portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). Vehicle diagnostic data of a vehicle using the portable electrical energy storage device is stored on a diagnostic data storage system of the portable electrical energy storage device during use of a respective portable electrical energy storage device by a respective vehicle. Once the user places the portable electrical energy storage device in the collection, charging and distribution machine, or comes within wireless communications range of a collection, charging and distribution machine, a connection is established between the collection, charging and distribution machine and the portable electrical energy storage device. The collection, charging and distribution machine then reads vehicle diagnostic data stored on the diagnostic data storage system of the portable electrical energy storage device and provides information regarding the diagnostic data.

A state determination unit determines whether a state of traveling performance of a fuel cell vehicle is a normal performance state, a limited performance state, or a low performance state. When the state determination unit determines that the fuel cell vehicle is in the normal performance state or the limited performance state, a traveling propriety determination unit determines that the fuel cell vehicle can travel. A notification control unit performs a limited state notification when the state determination unit determines that the fuel cell vehicle is in the limited performance state and the traveling propriety determination unit determines that the fuel cell vehicle can travel.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). To avoid theft and tampering of the portable electrical energy storage devices, by default, each portable electrical energy storage device is locked in and operably connected to the vehicle to which it provides power unless the vehicle comes within the vicinity of a collection, charging and distribution machine or other authorized external device such as that in a service center. Once within the vicinity of a collection, charging and distribution machine or other authorized external device a locking mechanism in the vehicle or within the portable electrical energy storage device unlocks and allows the portable electrical energy storage device to be exchanged or serviced.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). To avoid theft and tampering of the portable electrical energy storage devices, by default, each portable electrical energy storage device is locked in and operably connected to the vehicle to which it provides power unless the vehicle comes within the vicinity of a collection, charging and distribution machine or other authorized external device such as that in a service center. Once within the vicinity of a collection, charging and distribution machine or other authorized external device a locking mechanism in the vehicle or within the portable electrical energy storage device unlocks and allows the portable electrical energy storage device to be exchanged or serviced.

A network of collection, charging and distribution machines collect, charge and distribute portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). To charge, the machines employ electrical current from an external source, such as the electrical grid or an electrical service of an installation location. The charging and distribution machines may distribute portable electrical energy storage devices of particular performance characteristics and other attributes based on customer preferences and/or customer profiles. The charging and distribution machines may provide instructions to or otherwise program portable electrical energy storage devices stored within the charging and distribution machines to perform at various levels according to user preferences and user profiles.