In an electric vehicle, a power supplier includes a software type condenser charging circuit and a hardware type condenser charging circuit. The software capacitor charging circuit operates when a controller controls the software type condenser charging circuit while monitoring a voltage between opposite ends at an initial charging stage. The hardware type condenser charging circuit is operated when the controller controls the hardware type condenser charging circuit without monitoring the voltage between the opposite ends of the DC-link condenser or by direct switching manipulation of a user.

An energy storage element for providing a voltage has a first control apparatus and modules, which modules each have an energy storage unit, a connection unit and a module control apparatus. The connection units are connected between two associated modules and have first switches and which connection units are designed to enable, on the basis of the state of the first switches, at least two connections from the group of connections including parallel connection of two modules, serial connection of two modules, bridging of at least one of the two modules which first control apparatus and which module control apparatus are together designed to make it possible to change the control of the associated connection unit during use of the energy storage element in order to reconfigure the energy storage element. The first control apparatus is designed to control the module control apparatuses.

An energy storage element for providing a voltage has a first control apparatus and modules, which modules each have an energy storage unit, a connection unit and a module control apparatus. The connection units are connected between two associated modules and have first switches and which connection units are designed to enable, on the basis of the state of the first switches, at least two connections from the group of connections including parallel connection of two modules, serial connection of two modules, bridging of at least one of the two modules which first control apparatus and which module control apparatus are together designed to make it possible to change the control of the associated connection unit during use of the energy storage element in order to reconfigure the energy storage element. The first control apparatus is designed to control the module control apparatuses.

A controller of an electrically powered vehicle includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit performs a switching control by a square wave control in a first switching mode when a rotation speed of the motor is equal to or higher than a first predetermined rotation speed. The electronic control unit performs the switching control by the square wave control in a second switching mode when the rotation speed of the motor is lower than the first predetermined rotation speed. The first predetermined rotation speed is a rotation speed lower than a first resonance region. The first switching mode is a mode of a switching pattern that suppresses LC resonance in the first resonance region. The second switching mode is a mode of a switching pattern that suppresses LC resonance in a second resonance region lower than the first predetermined rotation speed.

A controller of an electrically powered vehicle includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit performs a switching control by a square wave control in a first switching mode when a rotation speed of the motor is equal to or higher than a first predetermined rotation speed. The electronic control unit performs the switching control by the square wave control in a second switching mode when the rotation speed of the motor is lower than the first predetermined rotation speed. The first predetermined rotation speed is a rotation speed lower than a first resonance region. The first switching mode is a mode of a switching pattern that suppresses LC resonance in the first resonance region. The second switching mode is a mode of a switching pattern that suppresses LC resonance in a second resonance region lower than the first predetermined rotation speed.

In one embodiment, a propulsion system includes roaming vehicles including a reaction plate installed on a bottom of each of the roaming vehicles, a surface stator matrix installed with a running surface for the roaming vehicles and including single sided linear induction motors (SSLIMs). Each of the SSLIMs include two windings installed orthogonally to one another. The propulsion system also includes motor drives configured to electrically couple to the SSLIMs via a switching panel, and a control system configured to receive information related to the roaming vehicles, receive a desired motion profile for the roaming vehicles across the surface stator matrix, determine which of the SSLIMs to activate and a performance of the SSLIMs based on the desired motion profile, the information, or some combination thereof, and send control signals to the motor drives to control the SSLIMs to produce the motion profile.

In one embodiment, a propulsion system includes roaming vehicles including a reaction plate installed on a bottom of each of the roaming vehicles, a surface stator matrix installed with a running surface for the roaming vehicles and including single sided linear induction motors (SSLIMs). Each of the SSLIMs include two windings installed orthogonally to one another. The propulsion system also includes motor drives configured to electrically couple to the SSLIMs via a switching panel, and a control system configured to receive information related to the roaming vehicles, receive a desired motion profile for the roaming vehicles across the surface stator matrix, determine which of the SSLIMs to activate and a performance of the SSLIMs based on the desired motion profile, the information, or some combination thereof, and send control signals to the motor drives to control the SSLIMs to produce the motion profile.

A vehicle electrical system is equipped with a DC charging connection, a rechargeable battery, a DC-DC converter and an electric drive. The DC-DC converter has a first side that is connected to a connecting point via a first switching device. The DC-DC converter has a second side to which the electric drive is connected and which is connected via a second switching device and to the connecting point. The connecting point is connected to the rechargeable battery. The DC charging connection is connected to one side of the first switching device that is connected to the first side of the DC-DC converter.

A vehicle electrical system is equipped with a DC charging connection, a rechargeable battery, a DC-DC converter and an electric drive. The DC-DC converter has a first side that is connected to a connecting point via a first switching device. The DC-DC converter has a second side to which the electric drive is connected and which is connected via a second switching device and to the connecting point. The connecting point is connected to the rechargeable battery. The DC charging connection is connected to one side of the first switching device that is connected to the first side of the DC-DC converter.

An energy storage element for providing a voltage has a first control apparatus and modules, which modules each have an energy storage unit, a connection unit and a module control apparatus. The connection units are connected between two associated modules and have first switches and which connection units are designed to enable, on the basis of the state of the first switches, at least two connections from the group of connections including parallel connection of two modules, serial connection of two modules, bridging of at least one of the two modules which first control apparatus and which module control apparatus are together designed to make it possible to change the control of the associated connection unit during use of the energy storage element in order to reconfigure the energy storage element. The first control apparatus is designed to control the module control apparatuses.