An exemplary method includes controlling a rotation rate of a rotor in a vehicle, detecting that an electric motor system is electrically energized and rotating the rotor at least at a minimum rotation rate that is greater than zero in response to the electric motor system being electrically energized. The rotor may be rotated at least at the minimum rotation rate when the electric motor system is energized and the motor is turned-off.

A vehicle comprising a framework in form of beam, wheel, drive and braking system, while the vehicle is partially loaded with the weigh of user and the user stands on roller skates and holds the vehicle on the beam so that the wheel is behind the user and contacts with its tire the road surface; and when the user activates the drive, the wheel starts rotating and, as a result of friction between the wheel's tire and the road surface, there arises a force making the vehicle with user move. Additionally, another technique for operation of the same vehicle is being offered, at which the vehicle on the move is positioned in the front of user.

A vehicle comprising a framework in form of beam, wheel, drive and braking system, while the vehicle is partially loaded with the weigh of user and the user stands on roller skates and holds the vehicle on the beam so that the wheel is behind the user and contacts with its tire the road surface; and when the user activates the drive, the wheel starts rotating and, as a result of friction between the wheel's tire and the road surface, there arises a force making the vehicle with user move. Additionally, another technique for operation of the same vehicle is being offered, at which the vehicle on the move is positioned in the front of user.

A method for controlling motor assistance provided by a motor of an electric bike is disclosed. The method includes determining a variable rate of change of a governing factor, which defines the extent to which a governing factor changes over a defined time interval The rate of change is selected such that the governing factor is decremented when a current speed is greater than a target speed, and the governing factor is incremented when the current speed is less than the target speed. The method further includes adjusting an existing governing factor based on the rate of change of the governing factor determined. The method also includes applying the governing factor calculated to a motor assistance determined for actuating the motor. A greater governing factor results in greater motor assistance than a comparatively lesser governing factor.

A human-powered vehicle control device includes an electronic controller and a first operating portion. The first operating portion operates a human-powered vehicle device. The electronic controller controls a supply of electric power from a battery to the human-powered vehicle device in a first mode. The electronic controller controls the electric power supplied from the battery to the human-powered vehicle device in a second mode to be less than the electric power supplied in the first mode. The electronic controller switches the first mode to the second mode upon determining the first operating portion has been operated by a first action while in the first mode. The electronic controller does not switch from the second mode to the first mode upon determining the first operating portion has been operated by the first action while in the second mode.

A human-powered vehicle control device includes an electronic controller and a first operating portion. The first operating portion operates a human-powered vehicle device. The electronic controller controls a supply of electric power from a battery to the human-powered vehicle device in a first mode. The electronic controller controls the electric power supplied from the battery to the human-powered vehicle device in a second mode to be less than the electric power supplied in the first mode. The electronic controller switches the first mode to the second mode upon determining the first operating portion has been operated by a first action while in the first mode. The electronic controller does not switch from the second mode to the first mode upon determining the first operating portion has been operated by the first action while in the second mode.

A power delivery system for an electric vehicle provides efficient power management for either continuous or intermittent high-performance operation, using a boost stage and an on-board charging circuit. A main battery, configured as a high-capacity power source, supplies power to the electric motor under normal load conditions. An auxiliary boost battery assists the main battery in supplying a high-level current at a higher discharge rate thereby causing the motor to operate in a high-performance drive mode. A charging circuit recharges the boost battery from the main battery during operation of the motor. The charging circuit also maintains a charge balance between the boost battery and the main battery when the two batteries have different chemistries. In one embodiment, participation of the boost battery in powering the electric motor can be controlled automatically according to sensed changes in the load. In another embodiment, power management can be based on timed intervals.

A power delivery system for an electric vehicle provides efficient power management for either continuous or intermittent high-performance operation, using a boost stage and an on-board charging circuit. A main battery, configured as a high-capacity power source, supplies power to the electric motor under normal load conditions. An auxiliary boost battery assists the main battery in supplying a high-level current at a higher discharge rate thereby causing the motor to operate in a high-performance drive mode. A charging circuit recharges the boost battery from the main battery during operation of the motor. The charging circuit also maintains a charge balance between the boost battery and the main battery when the two batteries have different chemistries. In one embodiment, participation of the boost battery in powering the electric motor can be controlled automatically according to sensed changes in the load. In another embodiment, power management can be based on timed intervals.

A control apparatus for a vehicle that includes an electric motor and a parking lock mechanism for stopping rotation in a power transmission path between the electric motor and drive wheels. The parking lock mechanism includes: a parking gear, a lock tooth that is to mesh with the parking gear and an actuator for moving the lock tooth. When a shift operation position is switched to a parking position, the lock tooth is moved by the actuator to mesh with the parking gear. When the shift operation position is switched from the parking position to another position in a state in which the vehicle is stopped, the electric motor outputs a torque acting in a rotational direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the drive wheels due to a gradient of a road surface, and the outputted torque is increased until rotation of the electric motor is detected.

A control apparatus for a vehicle that includes an electric motor and a parking lock mechanism for stopping rotation in a power transmission path between the electric motor and drive wheels. The parking lock mechanism includes: a parking gear, a lock tooth that is to mesh with the parking gear and an actuator for moving the lock tooth. When a shift operation position is switched to a parking position, the lock tooth is moved by the actuator to mesh with the parking gear. When the shift operation position is switched from the parking position to another position in a state in which the vehicle is stopped, the electric motor outputs a torque acting in a rotational direction opposite to a direction of rotation of the drive wheels due to a gradient of a road surface, and the outputted torque is increased until rotation of the electric motor is detected.