Single, internally adjustable modular battery systems are provided, for handling power delivery from and to various power systems such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, solar systems, grid-scale battery energy storage systems, home energy storage systems and power walls. Batteries comprise a main fast-charging lithium ion battery (FC), configured to deliver power to the electric vehicle, a supercapacitor-emulating fast-charging lithium ion battery (SCeFC), configured to receive power and deliver power to the FC and/or to the EV and to operate at high rates within a limited operation range of state of charge (SoC), respective module management systems, and a control unit. Both the FC and the SCeFC have anodes based on the same anode active material and the control unit is configured to manage the FC and the SCeFC and manage power delivery to and from the power system(s), to optimize the operation of the FC.

A vehicle charging system includes a housing having a mating end for mating with a charging component for the electric vehicle. The vehicle charging system includes a DC charging terminal held in a cavity of the housing and having a mating end for mating with the charging component. The vehicle charging system includes a charging controller for controlling vehicle charging. The vehicle charging system includes an arc sensor in the internal cavity configured to detect an arc event at the mating end of the DC charging terminal. The arc sensor is operably coupled to the charging controller to control the vehicle charging when the arc event is detected.

A protection device for an electric DC grid includes a first protection circuit part including a series circuit consisting of a first discharge resistor and a first protection switch between a positive potential line and a reference potential line and a second protection circuit part including a series circuit consisting of a second discharge resistor and a second protection switch between a negative potential line and the reference potential line. The first and second protection switches can be actuated to close if a first and/or second voltage measuring device ascertains that a specified voltage value has been undershot and/or exceeded or the first and/or second protection switch can be actuated to close in an event of a fault current measured by a fault-current measuring device.

The disclosure relates to a method for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy from an industrial DC network. The method having includes establishing a connection between an energy storage and the industrial DC network and transferring electrical energy from the DC network to the energy storage. When the connection is established between the energy storage and the industrial DC network, a connection between the energy storage and the consumer device is disconnected and the consumer remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The method also includes establishing a connection between the consumer device and the energy storage and transferring electrical energy from the storage energy storage to the consumer device. When the connection is established between the consumer device and the energy storage, a connection between the energy storage and the industrial DC network is disconnected and the consumer device remains galvanically isolated from the industrial DC network. The disclosure also relates to a system and an apparatus for supplying a consumer device with electrical energy.

Example bidirectional energy transmission apparatus and methods are described. An example of a bidirectional energy transmission apparatus includes a controller and a bidirectional energy transmission circuit. A control terminal of the controller is connected to a controlled terminal of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit. In the example, the controller is configured to control the bidirectional energy transmission circuit to be in a rectification working state, so as to convert, into a first direct current voltage, a three-phase or single-phase alternating current voltage that is input from a first port of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit, and output the first direct current voltage from a second port of the bidirectional energy transmission circuit. The controller is configured to control the bidirectional energy transmission circuit to be in an inversion working state, so as to convert, into a three-phase or single-phase alternating current voltage.

A vehicle is a vehicle in which a mounted power storage is charged with electric power from a charging facility, the vehicle including a communication unit that obtains a first voltage value indicating an outputtable voltage value that can be outputted from the charging facility and a processing unit that transmits to the charging facility, a third voltage value which is equal to or smaller than the first voltage value as a maximum voltage of the power storage when a second voltage value indicating a maximum voltage value of the power storage is larger than the first voltage value.

Bidirectional electrical power systems are provided that include versatile battery packs. For example, a battery pack is introduced which may have both a first interface or port for high voltage fast charging and discharging, and a second interface or port for low voltage supply of power to present equipment without requiring modification or retrofitting. The battery pack may include, for example, a first battery module within the battery pack; a second battery module within the battery pack; and a switching matrix within the battery pack and configured to connect the first and second battery modules in series or in parallel.

Various disclosed embodiments include illustrative controller units, direct current fast charging (DCFC) units, and methods. In an illustrative embodiment, a controller unit includes a controller and a memory configured to store computer-executable instructions. The computer-executable instructions are configured to cause the controller to determine status of a power electronics module (PEM) of a direct current fast charging (DCFC) unit, and instruct the PEM to control power quality of a three-phase alternating current (AC) grid power signal in response to the determined status being available.

An electric vehicle includes a controller configured to receive sensor feedback from a high voltage storage device and from a low voltage storage device, compare the sensor feedback to operating limits of the respective high and low voltage storage device, determine, based on the comparison a total charging current to the high voltage storage device and to the low voltage storage device and a power split factor of the total charging current to the high voltage device and to the low voltage device, and regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device based on the determination.

Direct current fast charging systems and devices with grid tied energy storage systems. As an example, a multi-unit charging system may include first and second charging stations, each of the first and second charging stations comprising a respective charger configured to transfer energy to an electric vehicle and a respective energy storage system configured to store energy, and a distribution network configured to connect each of the first and second charging stations to an electrical grid.