An apparatus and method for applying a concentrated formulation of sensitizers having oxidative activation properties that can be applied to an environment that may include objects, surfaces, structures and atmospheric air. In response to radiated energy, the sensitizers activate and oxidatively decontaminate harmful agents within the environment. The agents may include pathogens, toxins, poisons, microbial particles and radiation particles that exhibit hazardous properties to users.

The present disclosure describes a unique, two-part, water-soluble polymer matrix material and a method of application that immobilizes a wide variety of loose powder or crystalline hazardous materials and renders them safe or at least safer for handling and transport. The polymer matrix material is a two-part polymer material comprising a liquid cross-linking polymer and a cross-linking agent, initiator, or biocide contained in a solution. The cross-linking agent functions to cross-link the polymer and cause it to harden in place.

The disclosure provides a TiO.sub.2-CQDs nanoflower photocatalyst, a photocatalytic thin film and an application, belonging to a technical field of photocatalyst for food processing. The TiO.sub.2-CQDs nanoflower photocatalyst includes TiO.sub.2 and CQDs doped with TiO.sub.2. the CQDs is derived from aloe extract. According to the disclosure, the extract obtained from natural aloe is used as a carbon source to provide CQDs, and TiO.sub.2 is modified to obtain the nanoflower photocatalyst and the photocatalytic thin film for catalytic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

A nanocomposite material including iron sulfide (FeS.sub.2) nanoparticles, iron oxide (-Fe.sub.2O.sub.3) nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) nanoparticles, and graphitic carbon nitride (C.sub.3N.sub.4) nanosheets and a method of its preparation. The nanocomposite is used in a method of forming oxygen gas from water using an applied voltage and photoirradiation, a method of forming hydrogen gas from water using an applied voltage and photoirradiation, and a method of photodegrading organic pollutants using visible light photoirradiation.

A system for on-line monitoring of a supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) process, the system including an SCWO reactor, a feedstock supply line which supplies a feedstock to the SCWO reactor, an oxidant supply line which supplies an oxidant to the SCWO reactor, at least one sensor which measures at least one parameter of the feedstock and the oxidant, and a controller which determines a Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and a Heating Value (HV) of the feedstock based on the at least one parameter, such that the controller adjusts the amount of the oxidant supplied to the SCWO reactor based upon the COD and the HV of the feedstock.