A usage detection system for a self-balancing powered unicycle is disclosed. The usage detection system is adapted to detect an indication of intended usage from a user and to provide an indication of intended usage. The indication of intended usage comprises manipulation of the overall unicycle device resulting from preparatory action taken by the user prior to the onset of the intended usage. Operation of the powered unicycle may thus be controlled based on an indication of intended usage from the usage detection system.

An apparatus controller for prompting a rider to be positioned on a vehicle in such a manner as to reduce lateral instability due to lateral acceleration of the vehicle. The apparatus has an input for receiving specification from the rider of a desired direction of travel, and indicating means for reflecting to the rider a propitious instantaneous body orientation to enhance stability in the face of lateral acceleration. The indicating may include a handlebar that is pivotable with respect to the vehicle and that is driven in response to vehicle turning.

A control system for a tiltable vehicle may include a motor controller configured to respond to backward or reverse operation of the vehicle by hindering a responsiveness of the control system (e.g., proportionally) and/or eventually disengaging a drive motor of the vehicle. Accordingly, a user may intuitively and safely dismount the vehicle by selectively commanding reverse operation. In some examples, the backward direction may be user-defined.