Provided are a cleaning method and cleaning device for cleaning with micro/nano-bubbles, with which a simple method of spraying a treatment solution containing micro/nano-bubbles onto a substrate to be processed makes it possible to efficiently and reliably peel off residual resist or remove contaminants from the substrate, while reducing an environmental load.

This cleaning method is characterized in that, with respect to a substrate to be treated to which a resist film has adhered onto the substrate or a substrate to be treated to which the surface thereof has been contaminated with a metal or metal compounds, the resist film is peeled off or the metals or metal compounds are removed by spraying onto the substrate to be treated a treatment solution containing gaseous micro/nano-bubbles and having a temperature maintained at 30 C. to 90 C., the mean particle size of the micro/nano-bubbles when measured by an ice embedding method using a cryo-transmission electron microscope being 100 nm or smaller, preferably 30 nm or smaller, and also preferably the density of such bubbles being 10.sup.8 or more bubbles per 1 mL.

A back panel of a motor vehicle seat element includes at least a first foam layer with at least two areas of different stiffness.

A back panel of a motor vehicle seat element successively includes a layer of paint, a layer of non-expanded foam, at least one thermal device, and a layer of expanded foam.

A method of manufacturing a cover element for a motor vehicle comprises placing, in a mold, a stack formed at least of a covering material made of textile, of leather, of skin, or of a synthetic material, and of a foam layer at the rear surface of the covering material, the foam layer integrating reinforcing elements.

A seat for vehicles including a seat cushion, a seat back, and a head rest has the following arrangement to ensure that a surface member can be relatively easily but positively removed from a urethane pad if a foam molding defect is found in the urethane pad in integral molding of the urethane pad and the surface member. In the seat for vehicles, any one of the seat cushion, seat back, and head rest has a configuration where a surface of the urethane pad is covered with the surface member. The urethane pad and the surface member are partially bonded together by integral molding.

The present invention relates to artificial leather and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to artificial leather for automobile seat covers, the artificial leather having a texture similar to that of natural leather, having a soft feel like natural leather, and having excellent peel strength and a method of manufacturing the artificial leather.

A vehicle seating assembly includes a cushion and a trim layer. A permeable heater is disposed between the cushion and the trim layer. An air mover is in fluid communication with the permeable heater. The permeable heater and the air mover are operable to respectively heat or cool a seating surface.

A seat back (2) has a pad (4) with a side surface covered by a trim cover (5) and a rear surface covered by a back board (6). A back board attachment structure has a folding portion (5a1) with a trim back surface edge portion (5a) folded back to a pad side. A fastener (7a) includes an element (7a2) attached to the folding portion (5a1) to face the pad side. An edge portion (6a) of a folding portion (6a1) of the back board (6), to be the backrest surface side, is folded back to the pad side. A fastener (7b) includes an element (7b2) attached to the folding portion (6a1) to face the pad side. The fasteners (7a and 7b) are engageable in a state with the trim cover provided from the backrest surface side and the back board provided from the back surface side, with respect to the pad.

Provided herein is an eco-friendly artificial leather for an interior of an automobile and a manufacturing method thereof. The eco-friendly product is manufactured using a method that is compatible with various environmental regulations such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The artificial leather includes a bio urethane-containing skin surface layer which uses biomass-derived components extracted from vegetable components, a solvent-free bio urethane adhesive layer, and a bio fiber base layer. The layers are sequentially stacked to minimize the use of organic solvents and components that are harmful to the human body.

A trim component for a vehicle seat base includes a center portion and first and second side portions. The center portion includes a center inner panel that can face a frame of the seat and a center outer panel that can to be visible within a passenger cabin of the vehicle. The center outer panel includes a flexible material and covers the center inner panel. The first and second side portions are fixed on opposite sides of the center portion. Each of the first and second side portions includes a side inner panel that can face the frame of the seat and a side outer panel that can be visible within the passenger cabin. The side outer panel includes the flexible material and covers the side inner panel. The trim component can be fixed to a back of the seat to conceal at least a portion of the frame.