An exercise apparatus may include a rectangular platform, first and second attachment points, first and second rails and friction reducing runners on the rails. The platform may have an upper face, a lower face, two long edges and two short edges. The first attachment point may be disposed along one of the long edges. The second attachment point may be disposed along the other of the long edges. The first rail may be attached to the lower face of the platform proximal to one of the short edges of the platform. The second rail may be attached to the lower face of the platform proximal to the other of the short edges of the platform. The first and second rails may be spaced apart to define a passageway beneath the apparatus, wherein the passageway is configured to allow the apparatus to pass over a standard sprinter's starting block without contacting any part of the starting block.

An exercise apparatus may include a rectangular platform, first and second attachment points, first and second rails and friction reducing runners on the rails. The platform may have an upper face, a lower face, two long edges and two short edges. The first attachment point may be disposed along one of the long edges. The second attachment point may be disposed along the other of the long edges. The first rail may be attached to the lower face of the platform proximal to one of the short edges of the platform. The second rail may be attached to the lower face of the platform proximal to the other of the short edges of the platform. The first and second rails may be spaced apart to define a passageway beneath the apparatus, wherein the passageway is configured to allow the apparatus to pass over a standard sprinter's starting block without contacting any part of the starting block.

A drinking fluid container is structured as exercise equipment. The drinking fluid container includes a first enclosure, a second enclosure, and a handle that fixes to the first and second enclosures.

A training sled apparatus, comprising: a platform with a rear edge and a wedge shaped front edge, opposite the rear edge of the platform; and, at least one sleeve provided to the platform and configured for placing a training component therein

A training sled apparatus, comprising: a platform with a rear edge and a wedge shaped front edge, opposite the rear edge of the platform; and, at least one sleeve provided to the platform and configured for placing a training component therein

In various embodiments methods and devices are provided for regulating bladder function in a subject after a spinal cord and/or brain injury. In certain embodiments the methods comprise applying a pattern of electrical stimulation to the Lumbosacral spinal cord at a frequency and intensity sufficient to initiate micturition and/or to improve the amount of bladder emptying. In certain embodiments the electrical stimulation is at a frequency and intensity sufficient to improve the amount of bladder emptying (e.g., to provide at least 30% emptying or at least 40% emptying, or at least 50% emptying, or at least 60% emptying, or at least 70% emptying, or at least 80% emptying, or at least 90% emptying, or at least 95% emptying.

In various embodiments methods and devices are provided for regulating bladder function in a subject after a spinal cord and/or brain injury. In certain embodiments the methods comprise applying a pattern of electrical stimulation to the Lumbosacral spinal cord at a frequency and intensity sufficient to initiate micturition and/or to improve the amount of bladder emptying. In certain embodiments the electrical stimulation is at a frequency and intensity sufficient to improve the amount of bladder emptying (e.g., to provide at least 30% emptying or at least 40% emptying, or at least 50% emptying, or at least 60% emptying, or at least 70% emptying, or at least 80% emptying, or at least 90% emptying, or at least 95% emptying.

Disclosed are various approaches for determining the maximum oxygen consumption of a person, also known as maximum aerobic capacity or VO.sub.2 Max. A person is positioned on a treadmill. Attached to the person is a harness configured to apply a horizontal force to the person. A work rate for the person can be calculated based at least in part on the magnitude of the horizontal force applied by the harness and the velocity of the belt. The maximum oxygen consumption for the person can then be calculated based at least in part on the previously calculated work rate.

The exercising device preferably has a handle with a proximal end and a distal end and a swing arm having a first end and a second end. The proximal end of the handle is rotatably connected to the first end of the swing arm, allowing the swing arm to rotate around the proximal end of the handle in a “clock-hand” fashion. A connecting shaft and swing arm stopper prevent the swing arm and handle from becoming separated during use. The exercising device may further have a weight member positioned in a weight member recess located close to the second end of the swing arm. The weight member increases the difficulty of using the exercise device and is removably attached to the swing arm. A safety sleeve can fit over the weight member recess to prevent the weight member from dislodging during use.

Implementations described and claimed herein provide systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing cardiovascular exercise by simulating an exercise experience, such as a jump rope experience. In one implementation, a pair of exercise simulators is provided. Each of the exercise simulators includes a spin assembly rotationally mounted to a handle along an axis line. The spin assembly is configured to rotate about the axis line. At least one weight is housed in the spin assembly, and a light source is configured to rotate about the axis line with the spin assembly. The light source is configured to emit light to provide a visual representation of the motion of the spin assembly.