Systems, methods, and apparatus for an improved protection from charge injection into layers of a device using resistive structures are described. Such resistive structures, named s-contacts, can be made using simpler fabrication methods and less fabrication steps. In a case of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors (FETs), s-contacts can be made with direct connection, or resistive connection, to all regions of the transistors, including the source region, the drain region and the gate.

Fabrication of radio-frequency (RF) devices involves providing a field-effect transistor (FET), forming one or more electrical connections to the FET, forming one or more dielectric layers over at least a portion of the electrical connections, and disposing an electrical element at least partially above the one or more dielectric layers, the electrical element being in electrical communication with the FET via the one or more electrical connections. RF device fabrication further involves applying an interface material over at least a portion of the one or more dielectric layers, removing at least a portion of the interface material to form a trench above at least a portion of the electrical element, and covering at least a portion of the interface material and the trench with a substrate layer to form a cavity, the electrical element being disposed at least partially within the cavity.

A method for integrating a vertical transistor and a three-dimensional channel transistor includes forming narrow fins and wide fins in a substrate; forming a first source/drain (S/D) region at a base of the narrow fin and forming a gate dielectric layer and a gate conductor layer over the narrow fin and the wide fin. The gate conductor layer and the gate dielectric layer are patterned to form a vertical gate structure and a three-dimensional (3D) gate structure. Gate spacers are formed over sidewalls of the gate structures. A planarizing layer is deposited over the vertical gate structure and the 3D gate structure. A top portion of the narrow fin is exposed. S/D regions are formed on opposite sides of the 3D gate structure to form a 3D transistor, and a second S/D region is formed on the top portion of the narrow fin to form a vertical transistor.

Methods and structures for forming strained-channel FETs are described. A strain-inducing layer may be formed under stress in a silicon-on-insulator substrate below the insulator. Stress-relief cuts may be formed in the strain-inducing layer to relieve stress in the strain-inducing layer. The relief of stress can impart strain to an adjacent semiconductor layer. Strained-channel, fully-depleted SOI FETs and strained-channel finFETs may be formed from the adjacent semiconductor layer. The amount and type of strain may be controlled by etch depths and geometries of the stress-relief cuts and choice of materials for the strain-inducing layer.

A method for integrating vertical transistors and electric fuses includes forming fins through a dielectric layer and a dummy gate stack on a substrate; thinning top portions of the fins by an etch process; epitaxially growing top source/drain regions on thinned portions of the fins in a transistor region and top cathode/anode regions on the thinned portions of the fins in a fuse region; and removing the dummy gate layer and exposing sidewalls of the fins. The fuse region is blocked to form a gate structure in the transistor region. The transistor region is blocked and the fuse region is exposed to conformally deposit a metal on exposed sidewalls of the fins. The metal is annealed to form silicided fins. Portions of the substrate are separated to form bottom source/drain regions for vertical transistors in the transistor region and bottom cathode/anode regions for fuses in the fuse region.

A method includes forming a first material stack above a first transistor region, a second transistor region, and a dummy gate region of a semiconductor structure, the first material stack including a high-k material layer and a workfunction adjustment metal layer. The first material stack is patterned to remove a first portion of the first material stack from above the dummy gate region while leaving second portions of the first material stack above the first and second transistor regions. A gate electrode stack is formed above the first and second transistor regions and above the dummy gate region, and the gate electrode stack and the remaining second portions of the first material stack are patterned to form a first gate structure above the first transistor region, a second gate structure above the second transistor region, and a dummy gate structure above the dummy gate region.

Methods and systems for hybrid integration of optical communication systems are disclosed and may include receiving continuous wave (CW) optical signals in a silicon photonics die (SPD) from an optical source external to the SPD. The received CW optical signals may be processed based on electrical signals received from an electronics die bonded to the SPD via metal interconnects. Modulated optical signals may be received in the SPD from optical fibers coupled to the SPD. Electrical signals may be generated in the SPD based on the received modulated optical signals and communicated to the electronics die via the metal interconnects. The CW optical signals may be received from an optical source assembly coupled to the SPD and/or from one or more optical fibers coupled to the SPD. The received CW optical signals may be processed utilizing one or more optical modulators, which may comprise Mach-Zehnder interferometer modulators.

A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with integrated passive structures and methods of manufacturing the same is disclosed. The method includes forming a stacked structure in an active region and at least one shallow trench isolation (STI) structure adjacent to the stacked structure. The method further includes forming a semiconductor layer directly in contact with the at least one STI structure and the stacked structure. The method further includes patterning the semiconductor layer and the stacked structure to form an active device in the active region and a passive structure of the semiconductor layer directly on the at least one STI structure.

A semiconductor structure capable of real-time spatial sensing of nanoparticles within a nanofluid is provided. The structure includes an array of gate structures. An interlevel dielectric material surrounds the array of gate structures. A vertical inlet channel is located within a portion of the interlevel dielectric material and on one side of the array of gate structures. A vertical outlet channel is located within another portion of the interlevel dielectric material and on another side of the array of gate structures. A horizontal channel that functions as a back gate is in fluid communication with the vertical inlet and outlet channels, and is located beneath the array of gate structures. A back gate dielectric material portion lines exposed surfaces within the vertical inlet channel, the vertical outlet channel and the horizontal channel.

Systems, methods, and apparatus for an improved protection from charge injection into layers of a device using resistive structures are described. Such resistive structures, named s-contacts, can be made using simpler fabrication methods and less fabrication steps. In a case of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field effect transistors (FETs), s-contacts can be made with direct connection, or resistive connection, to all regions of the transistors, including the source region, the drain region and the gate.