The invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for a spark ignition internal combustion engine based on the Otto principle. The internal combustion engine is connected on the outlet side to an exhaust gas system, wherein an electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter, a four-way catalytic converter downstream from the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter, and a further three-way catalytic converter downstream from the four-way catalytic converter are situated in the exhaust gas system in the flow direction of an exhaust gas through the exhaust gas system. Before the internal combustion engine is started, the electrically heatable three-way catalytic converter and preferably also the four-way catalytic converter are heated to allow efficient exhaust gas aftertreatment of the untreated emissions of the internal combustion engine upon starting the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas aftertreatment system is also configured to allow efficient conversion of the pollutants also during a regeneration of the four-way catalytic converter, and thus, to ensure particularly low emissions in all operating states of the motor vehicle.

A restraining device control system includes: a restraining device that is provided at a vehicle seat and that restrains an occupant seated in the vehicle seat; a surrounding environment detection unit that detects an environment surrounding a vehicle; and a control unit that increases a restraining force on the occupant by the restraining device in a case in which it has been predicted, from the surrounding environment of the vehicle, that vacillation of the vehicle while in an autonomous driving mode will exceed a threshold amount and that decreases the restraining force on the occupant by the restraining device in a case in which it has been predicted, from the surrounding environment of the vehicle, that the vehicle will maintain a state in which vacillation of the vehicle while in the autonomous driving mode is less than the threshold amount.

A safety belt device configured for a vehicle may include a belt driving device disposed on a seat, connected to a waist belt in a state in which an occupant wears a seat belt, and moving the waist belt in a predetermined direction to allow the waist belt to wrap around the occupant's waist when the waist belt is positioned at a rear side and to allow the waist belt to be caught between an ankle and the waist of the occupant when the waist belt is moved forward thereof; and a controller receiving a signal generated according to an occurrence of a vehicle collision and controlling the belt driving device upon receiving the impact signal to allow the waist belt to be moved from the rear to the front.

A computer that may be programmed to: in response to receiving an indication that a vehicle is approaching a geofence boundary, retract slack in a webbing associated with a seat in the vehicle by actuating a seatbelt retractor; then receive measurement data from one or more sensors associated with the seat; using the data, determine whether an occupant occupies the seat; and when no occupant occupies the seat, then transmit an instruction to stop the vehicle.

Aspects hereof relate to an operator protection apparatus having at least one over-center linkage. In some aspects, an operator protection apparatus can be raised and lowered by an operator from a seated position, for example, on a terrain working vehicle. Additionally, the at least one over-center linkage may automatically lock in the operator protection apparatus in a raised position. Accordingly, a mechanical force is then required to overcome the lock, and allow the operator protection apparatus to return to a lowered position.

An example embodiment of a system and methods for detecting and reporting whether passengers are seated and secured in their seats within a vehicle may include a passenger sensor configured to provide an output indicative of a presence of a passenger in a seat in a vehicle, a restraint sensor configured to provide an output indicative of a status of a passenger safety restraint associated with the seat, a transmitter configured to be in electronic communication with the passenger sensor and the restraint sensor and to wirelessly transmit data indicative of the presence of a passenger in the seat and the status of the restrain, and a reporting module configured to be disposed proximate a driver of the vehicle. The reporting module may be configured to receive the data from the transmitter, and output a respective status for each of a plurality of seats.

A driver condition estimation device includes an estimation unit configured to trigger an event that a webbing of a seat belt device is retracted, and to estimate a condition of a driver based on an amount of retraction of the webbing in the event.

The invention relates to a restraint system (11) for an aircraft seat (10), comprising a restraint belt (3) and a belt retractor (2) for winding up the restraint belt (3) and allowing the restraint belt (3) to be extracted, further comprising a blocking device (1) for blocking the belt retractor (2) such that the restraint belt (3) cannot be extracted, wherein the blocking device is connectable to a signal (S) used to issue audible and/or visual output (6) inviting passengers to fasten seat belts (3), wherein the blocking device (1) is configured to interact with the seat belt retractor (2) such that the seat belt retractor (2) prevents further extraction of the seat belt (3) while the signal (S) is active. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a restraint system.

A child seat misuse warning system for a vehicle, comprising a child seat having one or more misuse sensors embedded in the child seat, the one or more misuse sensors being configured to obtain data regarding a state of installation of the child seat; and transmission means configured to transmit data obtained by the misuse sensors to a vehicle; a terminal configured to be embedded in a vehicle and to receive data transmitted by the transmission means, the terminal comprising display means configured to display signals to a user; the child seat being communicatively connected to the terminal; wherein the child seat warning system is configured to, on the basis of the data obtained by the misuse sensors and received by the terminal, display a signal with the display means indicating whether the installation of the child seat is in a misuse state.

A seatbelt buckle that includes a housing, an attracting member, an attractable element, and a plate adapted to retain a seatbelt clip within the housing. The member, the element, and the plate may be carried by the housing. The buckle is adapted so that when the member is electronically actuated, the element causes the plate to move toward the member and thereby release the clip.