A light emitting display device includes an organic layer positioned on a substrate and including an anode connection opening, an anode positioned on the organic layer and having electrical connection through the anode connection opening, a black pixel defining layer including an anode exposing opening exposing the anode and including a black-colored organic material, a cathode positioned on the black pixel defining layer and the anode, and an encapsulation layer covering the cathode. The anode includes an anode center portion overlapping the anode exposing opening and having a triple layer structure, and an anode peripheral portion extending from the anode center portion and including a transparent conductive material. The triple-layer structure includes a lower layer and an upper layer that include a transparent conductive material, and a middle layer that includes a metal material and reflects light.

According to one embodiment, a flexible substrate including an insulating base including an island-shaped portion, a first to fourth strip portion, and an electrical element, wherein the electrical element includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode and an active layer, the lower electrode includes, in plan view, a first to fourth protruding portion, the first protruding portion overlaps the first strip portion, the second protruding portion overlaps the second strip portion, the third protruding portion overlaps the third strip portion, and the fourth protruding portion overlaps the fourth strip portion.

A solar cell includes a first layer including a silica material, a second layer including an indium tin oxide material, and a third layer including a chlorophyll-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS@Chl) material. The solar cell further includes a fourth layer including a silver material, and a fifth layer including a silica material. The PEDOT:PSS@Chl material includes chlorophyll in an amount of 4 to 12 percent by weight (wt. %) based on a total weight of the PEDOT:PSS@Chl material. The PEDOT:PSS@Chl material has a surface area of 500 to 550 meter square per gram (m.sup.2/g). The third layer has a thickness of 30 to 70 nanometer (nm).

This disclosure involves a quantum dot light-emitting diode and its preparation method, the quantum dot light-emitting diode includes a quantum dot light-emitting layer set between a cathode and an anode, and a hole transport layer between the anode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, an interface layer is set between the hole transport layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer. An interface layer is set between the hole transport layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, a material of the interface layer is sulfide, a general structural formula of the sulfide is Li.sub.xB.sub.yS.sub.z where B is one or more of the Sn, P, Si, Ge; a HOMO energy level of the interface layer is greater than the HOMO energy level of the hole transport layer and less than that of the quantum dot light-emitting layer.

A display device includes a base layer, a circuit layer disposed on the base layer, a pixel definition layer disposed on the circuit layer, including an inorganic protective layer and an organic layer disposed on the inorganic protective layer, and defining a first opening adjacent to the circuit layer and exposing the inorganic protective layer and a second opening exposing the organic layer on the first opening, a light-emitting element including a first electrode disposed on the circuit layer, a functional layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the functional layer, and an encapsulation layer covering the pixel definition layer and the light-emitting element. The encapsulation layer includes an auxiliary electrode layer covering the light-emitting element, the inorganic protective layer, and the organic layer, an encapsulation organic film disposed on the auxiliary electrode layer, and an upper inorganic film disposed on the encapsulation organic film.

A method for producing a pixel of an OLED microscreen includes the steps of: a) providing a substrate having a structured first electrode; b) forming a dielectric layer on the structured first electrode; c) forming openings in the dielectric layer such that the structured first electrode has free areas, d) forming a spacer layer that is transparent and conductive, and includes: a first part extending over the dielectric layer, and a second part extending over the free areas; e) removing the first part of the spacer layer; f) forming a stack of organic light-emitting layers that is configured to emit a white light; and g) forming a second electrode on the stack; step d) being carried out such that the second part of the spacer layer has first, second and third thicknesses that are designed to allow, respectively, the transmission of red, green and blue light.

An electroluminescence display includes a substrate including a display area and a non-display area, the non-display area disposed around the display area; a low potential pad disposed at the non-display area, and including a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer on the first electrode layer; a bank including a cathode contact hole exposing a middle portion of the low potential pad, and covering edge portions of the low potential pad; a mushroom structure element disposed at the middle portion of the low potential pad; an under-cut area formed at under edges of the bank and the mushroom structure element; a first cathode layer deposited on an upper surface of the bank and the mushroom structure element, an upper surface of the low potential pad exposed by the cathode contact hole and the under-cut area; a second cathode layer deposited on the first cathode layer excepting the under-cut area; and a third cathode layer contacting an upper surface of the second cathode layer, and the first cathode layer at the under-cut area.

A display device includes a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area. A light emitting element may be disposed on the first area, and a pixel circuit connected to the light emitting element may be disposed on the second area. The first area includes a low transmittance area overlapping a cathode of a first pixel and a cathode of a second pixel and a high transmittance area that does not overlap the cathode of the first pixel and the cathode of the second pixel. Each of the cathode of the first pixel and the cathode of the second pixel receives a power voltage having a constant level during a first period and receives a driving signal during a second period.

An electronic device and a manufacturing method thereof. The electronic device includes a quantum dot light-emitting diode and an encapsulation layer encapsulating the quantum dot light-emitting diode. The quantum dot light-emitting diode includes an anode, a cathode, a quantum dot light-emitting layer provided between the anode and the cathode, an electron transport layer provided between the cathode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, and a zinc carbide layer provided between the cathode and the electron transport layer. The encapsulation layer includes a gas reservoir layer. Arrangement of a zinc carbide layer between an electron transport layer and a cathode can improve transport capability of a carrier, and cooperation of the zinc carbide layer and an encapsulation layer can enhance a positive aging effect and stability of a device, and extend service life of the device.

A method for preparing a composite material, including the following steps: providing metal oxide nanoparticles and a polyaromatic compound having a structure represented by Formula I, ##STR00001## where, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, Ar.sub.3, and Ar.sub.4 are selected from aromatic rings; X.sub.1, X.sub.2, and X.sub.3 are selected from active groups configured for binding with the metal oxide nanoparticles, each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 independently contains at least one of alkylene, amine, NN, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl, and each of m, n, and y is independently selected from 0 or positive integers; dispersing the polyaromatic compound and the metal oxide nanoparticles in a solvent to yield a mixed solution; and heating the mixed solution to yield the composite material. A composite material includes: a polyaromatic compound and metal oxide nanoparticles. The polyaromatic compound is connected to the metal oxide nanoparticles. The polyaromatic compound has a structure represented by Formula I.