The invention relates to 3-(carboxymethyl)-8-amino-2-oxo-1,3-diaza-spiro-[4.5]-decane derivatives, their preparation and their use in medicine, particularly in the treatment of pain.

Compositions of matter and methods to reduce inflammation in vertebrates and to promote growth and feed conversion in animals by administering an effective amount of a composition containing a mirror image molecule (enantiomer) of a lipophilic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivative that does not contain the N-acetylglucosamine moiety of MDP (i.e., a desmuramyl dipeptide).

The present invention regards specific IBAT inhibitors useful in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of a liver disease. It also relates to compositions comprising these IBAT inhibitors, a method for treatment of the disorders and a kit comprising the substances or the compositions.

Preparations comprising an enriched population of extracellular vesicles (nEVs) having a negatively charged surface, and that are CD81+ and CD9−, are provided. Improved processes and methods for producing an enriched population of nEVs from non-murine cells, especially human origin cells and/or tissues, are disclosed. Therapeutic methods for using the preparations, including for reducing brain inflammation and treatment of various pathologies associated with brain inflammation, such as by intravenous or intranasal administration, are also described. Methods and preparations for reducing brain inflammation associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are also disclosed. A method for treating a patient having suffered a mild traumatic injury (mTMI), or concussion, such as a sports-related head injury, is also disclosed. The nEVs are also demonstrated to reduce the expression level of IL-Iβ in brain tissue of an animal having had traumatic brain injury. Methods for improving cognitive function and performance in animals after a traumatic brain injury is also demonstrated using the preparations of nEVs disclosed herein.

The compounds of the present invention are represented by the following compounds having Formula (I) and Formula (I′):

##STR00001##

where the substituents R, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R, W, X, Y, Z, k, and m are as defined herein and

##STR00002##

where the substituents R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, X, Y, Z, and m are as defined herein. These compounds are used in the treatment of bacterial infections, parasite infections, fungal infections, cancer, immunologic disorders, autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, inflammatory disorders, or muscular dystrophy or for providing immunosuppression for transplanted organs or tissues.

The present disclosure relates to prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted compounds conjugated to near-infra red (NIR) dyes and methods for their therapeutic and diagnostic use. More specifically, this disclosure provides compounds and methods for diagnosing and treating diseases associated with cells and/or vasculature expressing prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), such as prostate cancer and related diseases. The disclosure further describes methods and compositions for making and using the compounds, methods incorporating the compounds, and kits incorporating the compounds.

Anti-lymphoma plant virus particles are described. The anti-lymphoma plant virus particles include a filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle linked to an antimitotic agent. A therapeutically effective amount of an anti-lymphoma plant virus particle can be administered to a subject to provide a method of treating lymphoma.

The present invention relates to nitric oxide donor carnosine derivatives having a great efficacy in reducing elevated intraocular pressure, to processes for their preparation and to their use in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

##STR00001##

Prodrugs of an NMDA antagonist, (S)-1-phenyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanamine, useful for the treatment of depression (particularly major depressive disorder) or pain; compositions comprising them, and methods of making them.

Compounds and compositions comprising a B-type natriuretic signal peptide fragment agent, and methods of use thereof, are provided for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular diseases, disorders, and conditions.