Provided are systems for modifying a cell. Also provided are methods for using the systems for modifying a cell.

Disclosed are engineered oncolytic viruses, related fusion proteins and polynucleotides encoding them, and methods for treating cancer using the engineered viruses.

The present disclosure provides bispecific chimeric antigen receptors targeting CD20 and BCMA. The CAR may comprise an scFv targeting CD20 and an scFv targeting BCMA, a hinge region, a transmembrane domain, a co-stimulatory region, and a cytoplasmic signaling domain. The chimeric antigen receptors can be used to treat autoimmune disorders or cancer.

This disclosure provides a system for preventing or reducing side effects in a patent undergoing immunotherapy to remove diseased cells that express a target antigen: for example, by CAR T cell therapy. Side effects can ensue from concurrent depletion of hematopoietic cells bearing the same target antigen. A population of engineered hematopoietic cells is prepared by obtaining healthy hematopoietic cells from the patient or a third party donor, and using them to produce engineered hematopoietic cells. The engineered cells either do not express the target antigen, express it at a lower density, or express it in a modified form. The engineered hematopoietic cells are formulated for administration to the patient, whereupon they reconstitute hematopoietic cell function, thereby preventing or reducing the side effects.

Control Devices are disclosed including RNA destabilizing elements (RDE) combined with transgenes, including Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) in eukaryotic cells. These RDEs can be used to optimize expression of transgenes, e.g., CARs, in the eukaryotic cells so that, for example, effector function is optimized. CARs and transgene payloads can also be engineered into eukaryotic cells so that the transgene payload is expressed and delivered at desired times from the eukaryotic cell. Such CAR T-cells with transgene payloads can be combined with the administration of other molecules, e.g., other therapeutics such as anticancer therapies.

The method entails modification of non-malignant cells for transplantation or therapy to avoid recognition and attack by monoclonal antibodies and antibody-derived therapeutics. Many therapies that use monoclonal antibodies or antibody-derived therapeutics not only bind to the intended target epitope on malignant cells, but also to the same target epitope on healthy non-malignant cells that express the target antigen. This phenomenon is termed on-target off-tumor effect. This can cause rejection, immune cell attack or opsonization of non-malignant cells, which in turn can cause severe side effects which often hampers the therapeutic effect. Similarly, cytokines in cytokine therapy can bind to receptors on bystander cells and cause unintended effects. The methods of the present invention change the antigen epitope or the cytokine receptor on non-malignant and bystander cells for adoptive cell therapy, thereby disrupting the binding of the therapeutic agentantibody or cytokineto the target antigen or receptor on non-malignant cells.

The invention provides compositions and methods for treating diseases associated with expression of CD19, e.g., by administering a recombinant T cell comprising the CD19 CAR as described herein, in combination with one or more B-cell inhibitors, e.g., inhibitors of one or more of CD10, CD20, CD22, CD34, CD123, FLT-3, ROR1, CD79b, CD179b, or CD79a. The disclosure additionally features novel antigen binding domains and CAR molecules directed to CD20 and CD22, and uses, e.g., as monotherapies or in combination therapies. The invention also provides kits and compositions described herein.

Compounds that either produced a higher proportion or greater absolute number of phenotypically identified nave, stem cell memory, central memory T cells, adaptive NK cells, and type I NKT cells are identified. Compositions and methods for modulating immune cells including T, NK, and NKT cells for adoptive cell therapies with improved efficacy are provided.

Provided are natural killer cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with Toll/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor (TIR) signaling domains, such as a Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling domain or a IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) subfamily signaling domain. Further provided are compositions and methods for making and using such natural killer cells in immunotherapy for cancer. The CAR-NK cells may be CISH/iPSC-NK cells.

The present application provides single-domain antibodies targeting BCMA, and chimeric antigen receptors (such as monovalent CAR, and multivalent CAR including bi-epitope CAR) comprising one or more anti-BCMA single-domain antibodies. Further provided are engineered immune effector cells (such as T cells) comprising the chimeric antigen receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions, kits and methods of treating cancer are also provided.