Micro-Organospheres, including Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres (PMOSs), apparatuses and methods of making them, and apparatuses and methods of using them. Also described herein are methods and systems for screening a patient using these Patient-Derived Micro-Organospheres, including personalized therapies.

A cell population of rapidly proliferating mesenchymal stem cell clones that are positive for LNGFR (CD271) or co-positive for LNGFR (CD271) and Thy-1 (CD90), wherein at least one of the following characteristics (a) and (b) is satisfied. (a) The variation coefficient of forward scattered light in flow cytometry is 35% or less. (b) The average cell size is 20 μm or less.

A mesenchymal stem cell harvesting system and method for increasing the efficiency of collecting and processing physiological fluids containing mesenchymal stem cells from a cavity within a patient’s skeletal system. Microenvironments risk in MSC production and concentration within a cavity, for example the patient’s ilium, are penetrated with a pointed instrument used to create an aperture in the hard cortical bone forming the cavity followed by the insertion of an aspiration device which extracts one or more samples of cancellous bone, bone marrow, bone marrow blood and other aspirated material. The aspirate is rinsed and may be filtered to remove unwanted material and to increase the concentration and purity of the mesenchymal stem cells in the aspirant far beyond levels formerly obtainable for use in autologous treatment of the patient.

Disclosed herein is a novel chimeric antigen receptor and use thereof. The novel chimeric antigen receptor consists of a signal peptide, an antigen binding domain, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular signal domain, and comprises a 4-1BB signal peptide and/or a 4-1BB molecular transmembrane region. Nucleic acid sequences of various chimeric antigen receptors are separated and purified and provided is a chimeric antigen receptor and a CAR-T cell which are specific for a CD19 malignant tumor antigen. In the malignant tumor killing test of hematological cell lines, the ability of immune cells to target and recognize tumor cells is significantly enhanced, and the killing activity against tumor cells is also enhanced.

The disclosure relates to the establishment of a cell line having immune tolerance property using an optimal temperature profiling technique under a human body-like environment, and use thereof. The stem cell line exhibits immune tolerance property as they consecutively secret and express HLA-G proteins, and the culture medium of the stem cells contains a large amount of proteins capable of recovering various physiological functions and extracellular vesicles, and thus, the novel cell line or a culture medium thereof can be effectively used in various industries such as medicines and cosmetics.

The present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating Alzheimer’s disease, which at least includes an extracellular vesicle that is prepared by a method including: a first culturing step: performing an amplification culture of an adipose-derived stem cell in a first culture medium at a cell density of 6,000-15,000 cells/cm.sup.2 until an amplification amount of the adipose-derived stem cell is above 90% of that before the culture; a second culturing step: culturing the amplified adipose-derived stem cell in a second culture medium at a cell density of 10,000-100,000 cells/cm.sup.2 for 20-30 hours; and an extracellular vesicle separating step: collecting a culture solution and separating the extracellular vesicle from the culture solution by utilizing a tangential flow filtration (TFF) or ultrafiltration method.

Provided herein are carrier cells and virus combinations and methods for treatment of cancers. Also provided are modified carrier cells for such treatment, and methods of selecting carrier cells that are matched to subjects for such treatment.

The present invention provides preparations of MSCs with important therapeutic potential. The MSC cells are non-primary cells with an antigen profile comprising less than about 1.25% CD45+ cells (or less than about 0.75% CD45+), at least about 95% CD105+ cells, and at least about 95% CD166+ cells. Optionally, MSCs of the present preparations are isogenic and can be expanded ex vivo and cryopreserved and thawed, yet maintain a stable and uniform phenotype. Methods are taught here of expanding these MSCs to produce a clinical scale therapeutic preparations and medical uses thereof.

Described are embodiments for expanding cells in a bioreactor. In one embodiment, methods are provided that distribute cells throughout the bioreactor and attach cells to specific portions of a bioreactor to improve the expansion of the cells in the bioreactor. Embodiments may be implemented on a cell expansion system configured to load, distribute, attach and expand cells.

The present disclosure provides a method of bioprinting a 3-D structure comprising one or more biologically-relevant materials on a super-hydrophobic surface. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing a composition having one or more biologically-relevant materials dispersed within a biocompatible medium. A pattern comprising a hydrophilic material is deposited on a defined area of the super-hydrophobic surface, wherein the pattern is modeled after a biological structure. The composition having the one or more biologically-relevant materials is then bioprinted atop the hydrophilic surface to form a 3-D structure, wherein the hydrophilic surface maintains the 3-D structure in a desired position or shape on the super-hydrophobic surface.