An apparatus for controlling a slippage rate of a vehicle includes: a vehicle information receiver configured to receive off-road driving information of the vehicle, a target slippage rate estimation unit configured to estimate a target slippage rate value, a wheel slippage rate section corresponding to a maximum traction coefficient, using the off-road driving information, and a storage unit configured to store the target slippage rate value.

A control device and a method for estimating distance to empty for a vehicle are provided. The method comprises determining an estimated duration of transient temperature behavior of the vehicle for a planned upcoming driving event based on predicted driving conditions of the vehicle for the planned upcoming driving event. The method further comprises determining an average rolling resistance coefficient during the transient tire rubber temperature behavior based on the determined estimated duration of transient tire rubber temperature behavior and a predetermined transient rolling resistance coefficient model according to which a transient rolling resistance coefficient is calculated as a function of ambient temperature. The method further comprises estimating the distance to empty based on available driving energy for the vehicle and in consideration of the estimated duration of transient tire rubber temperature and the determined averaged rolling resistance coefficient during the transient tire rubber temperature behavior.

A method of producing a desired driving performance for a vehicle includes regulating a pressure inside a bladder, which defines an outer surface of the vehicle. A change in the bladder pressure changes the shape of the bladder, and thereby changes a shape of the outer surface of the vehicle, thus affecting the aerodynamics of the vehicle. The bladder pressure is regulated to be at a target bladder pressure based on the driving condition of the vehicle, which target bladder pressure can be derived from real-time machine learning or based on previous testing of a prototype of the vehicle, and thus affects aerodynamics of the vehicle so as to produce the desired driving performance for the vehicle in the driving condition.

An embodiment is a control method for cooling a battery, the control method including in response to a destination being input to a navigation, determining estimated high-load driving timing of the battery based on estimated driving information of a vehicle, and in response to a determination that a temperature difference between the actual temperature of the battery and a reference temperature before the estimated high-load driving timing is lower than or equal to a precooling operating value, precooling the battery until an actual temperature of the battery reaches a target temperature by controlling an operation of each component of a battery cooling system.

A method for determining a deceleration strategy for a vehicle includes determining a target position located on a route section ahead together with a target speed that the vehicle should have when it reaches the target position, wherein the target speed is lower than a current speed of the vehicle, and determining a reference trajectory for the vehicle that provides for reaching the target position at the target speed. The reference trajectory is determined based on analytical functions for at least two deceleration modes from a list including a coasting mode, an overrun mode, a recuperation mode and active braking. The analytical functions for each of the at least two deceleration modes indicate a speed and/or a distance travelled as a function of a time variable. Determining the reference trajectory includes determining one or more changeover times between the at least two deceleration modes.