A vehicle speed and/or slip of a vehicle is determined. At least first and second images of a traveling surface captured by an image sensor using an optical lens are received by a processor. The images are used to determine the distance travelled by one or more pixels in first and second directions. These distances, along with the sampling rate of the image sensor, determine pixel speed in the first and second directions. The pixel speeds in the first direction, the second direction, or both, may be used to calculate the vehicle speed, a side slip angle, or a longitudinal slip. A tire speed may also be similarly determined using a second image sensor, a second optical lens, and a second processor capturing images of the tire surface. These vehicle parameters may be used for testing or operating the vehicle, including modifying vehicle behavior during operation.

The disclosure relates to a method for generating a reference trajectory within a lane for a vehicle. The method comprises receiving at least one vehicle current state parameter describing a current state of the vehicle (S11). The current state of the vehicle comprises at least a current position of the vehicle. Furthermore, a destination parameter describing a destination to be reached by the vehicle (S12), and at least one route parameter describing a route for reaching the destination (S13) are received. Moreover, the method comprises estimating a power loss being caused when traveling from the current position of the vehicle to the destination (S14). The reference trajectory within the lane is determined such that it minimizes the power loss and leads to the destination (S15). Additionally, a method for operating a vehicle is presented. According to this method, a reference trajectory is generated in accordance with the above method (S21) and at least one control signal is provided for controlling a motion of the vehicle along the reference trajectory (S22). Furthermore, a data processing apparatus, a vehicle and a computer-readable medium are presented.

The disclosure relates to a method for generating a reference trajectory within a lane for a vehicle. The method comprises receiving at least one vehicle current state parameter describing a current state of the vehicle (S11). The current state of the vehicle comprises at least a current position of the vehicle. Furthermore, a destination parameter describing a destination to be reached by the vehicle (S12), and at least one route parameter describing a route for reaching the destination (S13) are received. Moreover, the method comprises estimating a power loss being caused when traveling from the current position of the vehicle to the destination (S14). The reference trajectory within the lane is determined such that it minimizes the power loss and leads to the destination (S15). Additionally, a method for operating a vehicle is presented. According to this method, a reference trajectory is generated in accordance with the above method (S21) and at least one control signal is provided for controlling a motion of the vehicle along the reference trajectory (S22). Furthermore, a data processing apparatus, a vehicle and a computer-readable medium are presented.

Path generation apparatus configured to generate target travel path of own vehicle traveling in travel lane, includes: external sensor mounted on own vehicle and configured to detect external situation centered on advancing direction of own vehicle; vehicle speed sensor configured to detect travel speed of own vehicle; and electronic control unit including processor and memory coupled to processor. Electronic control unit is configured to perform: setting target passing point on travel lane based on external situation; and generating target travel path from current location point of own vehicle to target passing point. Setting target passing point includes setting target passing point after predetermined time period when travel speed is equal to or higher than predetermined value, while setting target passing point to predetermined distance ahead from current location point when travel speed is lower than predetermined value.

Path generation apparatus configured to generate target travel path of own vehicle traveling in travel lane, includes: external sensor mounted on own vehicle and configured to detect external situation centered on advancing direction of own vehicle; vehicle speed sensor configured to detect travel speed of own vehicle; and electronic control unit including processor and memory coupled to processor. Electronic control unit is configured to perform: setting target passing point on travel lane based on external situation; and generating target travel path from current location point of own vehicle to target passing point. Setting target passing point includes setting target passing point after predetermined time period when travel speed is equal to or higher than predetermined value, while setting target passing point to predetermined distance ahead from current location point when travel speed is lower than predetermined value.

Disclosed is a system and method for generating a vehicle speed alert in a driving simulation system that communicates with a remote driving simulator engine and a remote speed optimization engine. The remote speed optimization engine receives data from the vehicle speed alert system after the vehicle speed alert system has received data from the remote driving simulator engine, including the vehicle's simulated distance to a signalized intersection, the time remaining for the simulated traffic light to change, and the current simulated light status (green, yellow, red) of the traffic light. The vehicle speed alert system then receives from the remote speed optimization engine a recommended speed profile for that given instant, and if the driver's current speed does not fall within some maximum difference with the current recommended speed profile, calculates and transmits an alert to an output device to alert the driver of action necessary to achieve the recommended speed profile.

Disclosed is a system and method for generating a vehicle speed alert in a driving simulation system that communicates with a remote driving simulator engine and a remote speed optimization engine. The remote speed optimization engine receives data from the vehicle speed alert system after the vehicle speed alert system has received data from the remote driving simulator engine, including the vehicle's simulated distance to a signalized intersection, the time remaining for the simulated traffic light to change, and the current simulated light status (green, yellow, red) of the traffic light. The vehicle speed alert system then receives from the remote speed optimization engine a recommended speed profile for that given instant, and if the driver's current speed does not fall within some maximum difference with the current recommended speed profile, calculates and transmits an alert to an output device to alert the driver of action necessary to achieve the recommended speed profile.

A passenger car that has a function of being able to partially or fully drive, not in accordance with driver's intentions, includes a grip that is provided independent of an operation system of the passenger car and is configured to receive driver's operating intentions according to operation of the driver, and a control unit that is configured to determine whether a driver's operating intention has been changed to another intention via the grip and to determine, when the operating intention has been changed, whether to give an operating initiative to the driver.

A passenger car that has a function of being able to partially or fully drive, not in accordance with driver's intentions, includes a grip that is provided independent of an operation system of the passenger car and is configured to receive driver's operating intentions according to operation of the driver, and a control unit that is configured to determine whether a driver's operating intention has been changed to another intention via the grip and to determine, when the operating intention has been changed, whether to give an operating initiative to the driver.

A method includes receiving a request from a vehicle to perform a computing task, selecting a machine learning model from among a plurality of machine learning models based at least in part on the request, and predicting an amount of computing resources needed to perform the computing task using the selected machine learning model.