A method of controlling a powertrain of a vehicle includes opening and/or closing one or more of a first switching device, a second switching device, a third switching device, and engaging and/or disengaging at least one of a pair of actuators for a starter mechanism or a motor/generator clutch. Many different control modes are provided for the powertrain by changing the operation of a motor-generator between a motor or a generator, and changing the electrical connections between a first energy storage device, a second energy storage device, an auxiliary electric system, the starter mechanism, and the motor-generator.

Hybrid vehicles and methods for providing electrical energy to motor-generators of hybrid vehicles are disclosed. A hybrid vehicle includes a first motor-generator comprising an output shaft mechanically coupled to a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, a second motor-generator comprising an output shaft mechanically coupled to a plurality of drive wheels, a primary electrical energy storage device, and a secondary electrical energy storage device. The hybrid vehicle provides a first amount of electrical energy from the primary electrical energy storage device and the secondary electrical energy storage device to the first motor-generator in order to increase an engine speed of the internal combustion engine, and simultaneously provides a second amount of electrical energy from the primary electrical energy storage device and the secondary electrical energy storage device to the second motor-generator in order to increase a rotational speed of the plurality of drive wheels.

An electric car draws lots of power that needs to be on board the moving vehicle. An adaptive power supply can combine a variety of sources of electrical energywhich may include an internal combustion engineand use those different sources to efficiently produce the electrical power required. An adaptive power supply provides optimal performance by sensing changing conditions, often hundreds of times per second, and then adapting itself to those conditions in order to optimize efficiency at each particular instant during a car's operation. Those conditions may include changes in user inputs, machine operating conditions, and machine operating parameters. Having multiple sources of electrical power allows effective control of more independent power parameters, enabling greater freedom to adapt to optimize efficiency. That gives adaptive power supplies that are cheaper, smaller, lighter, more powerful, and more efficient than conventional designs.

The present disclosure generally relates to a system and methods for managing and controlling emissions produced by a vehicle and/or powertrain which includes one or more power sources selected from a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack, a battery, and combinations thereof, a processor, one or more inputs, a controller, and one or more emission control devices.

Disclosed is a method for controlling a hybrid vehicle power train, including a thermal drive chain and an electric drive chain, the electric drive chain including a traction battery, a voltage modulator, an inverter, first and second electrical machines. The voltage modulator is designed to modulate a supply voltage of an electric current from the traction battery to the first and second electrical machines. The method includes: a step of analytically calculating an optimal supply voltage using a mathematical expression that corresponds to the resolution of an equation expressed as $\frac{?P_{bat}}{?U_e}=0,$
where U.sub.e is the supply voltage, P.sub.bat is the electrical power supplied by the traction battery, and where the electrical power supplied by the traction battery is expressed as a quadratic function of the supply voltage; and a step of controlling the voltage modulator in such a way that it outputs the optimal supply voltage.

A vehicle includes an engine, an MG (motor generator) an MG2, a planetary gear device mechanically coupled to the engine and MG1 and MG2, a battery, an inverter configured to perform a power conversion between the battery and MG1 and between the battery and MG2, and a controller. MG1 generates a counter-electromotive torque when rotated by the engine. During an inverter-less running control where the inverter is put into a gate shut-off state and the engine is driven to cause MG1 to generate the counter-electromotive torque, the controller decreases a engine target rotation speed Netag when an integrated value of battery charging current (deterioration evaluation value D) is greater than a predetermined value (threshold value D1) smaller than the engine target rotation speed Netag when the deterioration evaluation value D is equal to or smaller than the threshold value D1.

A motor vehicle is controlled: during a prescribed transition from an accelerator ON state to an accelerator OFF and brake OFF state, the control unit makes a rear wheel distribution ratio that is a ratio of a torque of the rear wheel to a sum of a torque of the front wheel and the torque of the rear wheel, change to a first prescribed distribution ratio after changing from a value during the accelerator ON state to a second prescribed distribution ratio that is larger than the first prescribed distribution ratio.

An apparatus and method for a mobile transport for delivering temperature-controlled contents includes a plurality of compartments coupled to a vehicle body where each compartment includes an interior space and a front panel defining a wall of the interior space. Each front panel is operable to open and reveal the interior space of its compartment in response to a predetermined condition. A temperature controller is configured to individually control a temperature setting within at least one of the plurality of compartments, and a germicidal controller is configured to provide a germicide to the interior space of each of the plurality of compartments. In operation, the mobile transport receives an order signal to pick up an item from a source, the order signal including the pickup location information, customer identification information, and delivery location information. After the item has been placed in the interior space of a compartment, the temperature controller sets the temperature setting for that compartment according to a type of the item. After arriving at the delivery location, the front panel of the compartment is opened in response to receiving an open request signal satisfying the predetermined condition, the open request signal including information relating to the customer identification information.

A vehicle propulsion system includes a plurality of power sources coupled to a final drive of the vehicle propulsion system. A controller is programmed to determine a desired power demand from the power sources and operate a number of the power sources to produce the desired power demand. The controller identifies a least efficient power source of the power sources and controls the least efficient power source to produce power at an optimum operating point of the least efficient power source. The controller also identifies a power output of the least efficient power source corresponding to the optimum operating point, compares the power output of the least efficient power source to the desired power demand, identifies a remaining power demand from the comparison, and controls another power source to produce the remaining power demand.

Methods and systems are provided for operating a driveline of a hybrid vehicle that may include an internal combustion engine, a rear drive unit electric machine, an integrated starter/generator, and a transmission are described. In one example, torque capacity of an on-coming clutch is adjusted during an inertia phase of a power-on upshift to improve shift smoothness.