A system for applying a first coating composition and a second coating composition. The system includes a first high transfer efficiency applicator defining a first nozzle orifice and a second high transfer efficiency applicator defining a second nozzle orifice. The system further includes a substrate defining a target area. The first high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the first coating composition through the first nozzle orifice to the target area of the substrate to form a first coating layer. The second high transfer efficiency applicator is configured to expel the second coating composition through the second nozzle orifice to the first coating layer to form a second coating layer.

Thermoplastic compositions useful for roadway markings may be produced using a continuous systems and process methods that can reduce costs and improve product quality. Systems may comprise a feed system comprising a plurality of feeders and a mixing system comprising a mixer and a smoothing system. Each feeder may be configured to discharge a material at a feed rate according to a selected product formulation The mixing system may be configured to receive, heat, and combine the materials to produce a thermoplastic material, and discharge the thermoplastic material at a determined discharge rate.

A method for increasing a detection distance of a surface of an object illuminated by near-IR electromagnetic radiation, including: (a) directing near-IR electromagnetic radiation from a near-IR electromagnetic radiation source towards an object at least partially coated with a near-IR reflective coating that increases a near-IR electromagnetic radiation detection distance by at least 15% as measured at a wavelength in a near-IR range as compared to the same object coated with a color matched coating which absorbs more of the same near-IR radiation, where the color matched coating has a ΔE color matched value of 1.5 or less when compared to the near-IR reflective coating; and (b) detecting reflected near-IR electromagnetic radiation reflected from the near-IR reflective coating. A system for detecting proximity of vehicles is also disclosed.

Novel reaction media for electron donating and electron accepting components in colour-change compositions are described. The compound is of formula (VI); R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 are independently selected from an optionally substituted linear or branched alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group and an alkylene aryl group having from 5 to 22 carbon atoms; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are independently selected from —OC(O)—, —CO.sub.2— and O; Y.sub.1, and Y.sub.2 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, R.sub.1, —OR.sub.1; y is independently 0 or 1; and suitably the groups R.sub.1X.sub.1— and —X.sub.2R.sub.2 are independently in the ortho or meta position. The compounds are useful in ink compositions, writing implements containing the compound and medical and industrial applications in which temperature sensitive colour change may be required. ##STR00001##

This invention provides resin formulations which may be used for 3D printing and pyrolyzing to produce a ceramic matrix composite. The resin formulations contain a solid-phase filler, to provide high thermal stability and mechanical strength (e.g., fracture toughness) in the final ceramic material. The invention provides direct, free-form 3D printing of a preceramic polymer loaded with a solid-phase filler, followed by converting the preceramic polymer to a 3D-printed ceramic matrix composite with potentially complex 3D shapes or in the form of large parts. Other variations provide active solid-phase functional additives as solid-phase fillers, to perform or enhance at least one chemical, physical, mechanical, or electrical function within the ceramic structure as it is being formed as well as in the final structure. Solid-phase functional additives actively improve the final ceramic structure through one or more changes actively induced by the additives during pyrolysis or other thermal treatment.

A reflective paint's liquid mixture includes 42.4-71.3 weight percent of a liquid solvent, 14.4-28.3 weight percent of a binder fully dissolved in the liquid solvent, and 13.8-29.3 weight percent of light scattering particles that are insoluble in the liquid solvent and are of a size ranging from 100 nanometers to 200 nanometers. The binder is selected from potassium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, cesium chloride, and rubidium chloride. The light scattering particles are selected from hafnium oxide and yttrium oxide. The reflective paint is particularly useful as a surface coating for a variety of structures that must support cryogenic temperatures. It can be used in any application to act as a broadband reflector of the Sun's radiation in the wavelength band from approximately 0.21 microns to 9 microns and beyond.

Disclosed herein are coatings having enhanced reflectivity for electromagnetic radiation, as well as a process for producing the coatings.

Disclosed herein are retroreflective pigments and paints including the retroreflective pigments.

The present disclosure provides a coated glass substrate, first and second coating compositions, and a process for coating the substrate. The first composition includes a source of tin, a source of fluorine, a source of titanium, and a solvent. The second composition includes a source of tin, a source of fluorine, and a solvent, and can be free of titanium. The first composition is applied to the substrate under elevated temperatures, and a first or sub layer is formed on the substrate via pyrolysis. The second composition is then applied, to form a second or top layer over the sub layer.

A low odor aqueous coating composition is described. The composition is a waterbased latex coating composition that includes a binder component with at least one copolymer and a neutralizing component. The composition dries in less than about 10 minutes at a temperature between about 5 to 35° C. and a relative humidity between about 30 and 95% with a pH of 9.5 or less. The coating composition can be used for applications such as road marking and coating exterior surfaces, where use of a low-odor coating is desired.