A solar cell and a photovoltaic module are disclosed. The photovoltaic module includes a substrate, busbars, and at least one marker. The busbars are arranged on a same side of the substrate, and include at least a first busbar and a second busbar, the first busbar and the second busbar have opposite polarities, the first busbar has a first pad, the second busbar has a second pad, the first pad and the second pad are arranged sequentially along a straight line parallel to an arrangement direction of the busbars, and a distance from a marker to the first pad is different from a distance from a same marker to the second pad.

Provided is a solar cell including: a semiconductor substrate having a substantially rectangular shape; and collector electrodes. The semiconductor substrate is sectioned into first, second, third, and fourth large sections by a first large sectioning line passing a center of a first side of the semiconductor substrate and substantially parallel to a second side of the semiconductor substrate and a second large sectioning line passing through a center of the second side of the semiconductor substrate and substantially parallel to the first side of the semiconductor substrate. The collector electrodes include finger electrodes. The finger electrodes provided on each of the first and third large sections extends in a first direction, and the finger electrodes provided on each of the second and the fourth large sections extends in a second direction.

Aligned metallization approaches for fabricating solar cells, and the resulting solar cells, are described. In an example, a solar cell includes a semiconductor layer over a semiconductor substrate. A first plurality of discrete openings is in the semiconductor layer and exposes corresponding discrete portions of the semiconductor substrate. A plurality of doped regions is in the semiconductor substrate and corresponds to the first plurality of discrete openings. An insulating layer is over the semiconductor layer and is in the first plurality of discrete openings. A second plurality of discrete openings is in the insulating layer and exposes corresponding portions of the plurality of doped regions. Each one of the second plurality of discrete openings is entirely within a perimeter of a corresponding one of the first plurality of discrete openings. A plurality of conductive contacts is in the second plurality of discrete openings and is on the plurality of doped regions.

A solar cell including: substrate having front and back surfaces, the back surface includes first, second and gap regions, the first and second regions are staggered and spaced from each other in a first direction, and each gap region is provided between adjacent first and second regions, first pyramidal texture structure regions are formed corresponding to gap regions and distance between top and bottom thereof is 2-4 m; first conductive layer formed over the first region; second conductive layer formed over the second region, the second conductive layer has conductivity type opposite to the first conductive layer; first electrode forming electrical contact with the first conductive layer; second electrode forming electrical contact with the second conductive layer; and boundary region between the gap region and the first and/or second conductive layer adjacent thereto, and the boundary region includes strip or line patterned texture structures arranged at intervals.

A photovoltaic cell (1) including a first front collector layer (4), an amorphous silicon layer (6) on the first layer (4) and a second conductive layer (8) on the amorphous silicon layer (6). Electrical connection of the second conductive layer (8) to the first layer (4) is made through the amorphous silicon layer (6) at the periphery of the photovoltaic cell, the electrically conductive layer (8) comprising a positive peripheral bus (8), which is connected to the TCO first layer (4) and to at least one positive connection terminal at one end of the positive peripheral bus, and a negative peripheral bus, which is connected to a negative connection terminal, and the positive and negative peripheral buses being asymmetrical relative to one another, with the positive peripheral bus being longer than the negative peripheral bus.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and in particular, to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a substrate and a positive gate line and a negative gate line that are arranged on a back surface of the substrate, wherein the positive gate line and the negative gate line are alternately arranged and are not connected. An edge portion of at least one side of the back surface in at least one direction is an insulating portionoverlap with one anotheroverlap with one another.

Embodiments of the invention related to a method for manufacturing a thin film solar cell backside contact. Prior to application of materials, a planar substrate is provided and an associated backside of the substrate is modified to form one or more pedestals. The modified substrate is layered with multiple layers of material, including a conducting layer, a reflective layer, and a passivation layer. The layered backside substrate is polished to expose portions of the conducting layer at discrete locations on the backside of the substrate. The exposed portions of the conducting layer maintain direct electrical communication between an absorber layer deposited on the layered backside substrate and the conducting layer.

Semi-conductor wafers with thin and thicker regions at controlled locations may be for Photovoltaics. The interior may be less than 180 microns or thinner, to 50 microns, with a thicker portion, at 180-250 microns. Thin wafers have higher efficiency. A thicker perimeter provides handling strength. Thicker stripes, landings and islands are for metallization coupling. Wafers may be made directly from a melt upon a template with regions of different heat extraction propensity arranged to correspond to locations of relative thicknesses. Interstitial oxygen is less than 610.sup.17 atoms/cc, preferably less than 210.sup.17, total oxygen less than 8.7510.sup.17 atoms/cc, preferably less than 5.2510.sup.17. Thicker regions form adjacent template regions having relatively higher heat extraction propensity; thinner regions adjacent regions with lesser extraction propensity. Thicker template regions have higher extraction propensity. Functional materials upon the template also have differing extraction propensities.

A multilayer anti-reflection structure for a backside contact solar cell. The anti-reflection structure may be formed on a front side of the backside contact solar cell. The anti-reflection structure may include a passivation level, a high optical absorption layer over the passivation level, and a low optical absorption layer over the high optical absorption layer. The passivation level may include silicon dioxide thermally grown on a textured surface of the solar cell substrate, which may be an N-type silicon substrate. The high optical absorption layer may be configured to block at least 10% of UV radiation coming into the substrate. The high optical absorption layer may comprise high-k silicon nitride and the low optical absorption layer may comprise low-k silicon nitride.

A solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells each including a substrate, an emitter region positioned at a back surface of the substrate, first electrodes electrically connected to the emitter region, second electrodes electrically connected to the substrate, a first current collector positioned at ends of the first electrodes, and a second current collector at ends of the second electrodes, and a first connector connecting a first current collector of a first solar cell of the plurality of solar cells to a second current collector of a second solar cell adjacent to the first solar cell. The first current collector of the first solar cell and the second current collector of the second solar cell each have a different polarity.