In one aspect, a method of treating a subject having or at risk of having graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) generally includes administering to the subject a plurality of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) effective to ameliorate at least one symptom or clinical sign of graft-versus-host disease compared to a suitable control subject. In another aspect, a method of treating a tumor in a subject generally includes administering to the subject an anti-tumor therapy and co-administering to the subject an inflammasome inciting agent in an amount effective to increase inflammasome activation of MDSCs sufficiently to reduce suppressor function of the MDSCs.

The present disclosure provides a novel technique relating to immunological tolerance. More specifically, the present inventor found for the first time that, in a technique for inducing immunological tolerance by administering an organ transplantation patient (a recipient) a cell preparation containing cells in which anergy is induced by an inhibitor inhibiting the interaction between CD80/CD86 and CD28, the immunological tolerance continues even after the disappearance of the cells derived from the cell preparation from the recipient (infectious immunological tolerance). Further, the present inventor proved that such a cell preparation can elicit immunological tolerance against immunological rejection caused by allergy, iPS cells, etc. or cells, tissues or organs derived therefrom.

A method for producing natural killer cells is disclosed. The method comprises isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a blood sample; isolating at least one of CD56+ cells and/or CD3/CD56+ cells from the PBMCs; and co-culturing the at least one of CD56+ cells and/or CD3/CD56+ cells with a combination of feeder cells in the presence of a cytokine. A composition for treating cancer is also disclosed. The composition comprises the CD56+ natural killer cells produced by the disclosed method and a cytokine.

Described herein are immunoresponsive cells which are useful for their preventive and therapeutic potential against autoimmune diseases and rejections of solid organ transplants.

The invention relates to methods of treatment of a solid tumor in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient: (i) an effective amount of engineered immune cells originating from a donor expressing at their cell surface a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) directed against Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP), and (ii) an effective amount of an immunotherapy treatment that elicits an immune response in the patient.

The present disclosure relates to the use of cells having discernible surface protein with engineered or naturally occurring mutation(s) but functional surface protein for use in therapy. The present invention also relates to the use of cells having discernible CD117 surface protein variants but functional surface protein for use in therapy, in particular adoptive cell therapy.

The present invention relates to an engineered regulatory T cell (Treg) comprising a T cell receptor (TCR) which is capable of specifically binding to a myelin basic protein (MBP) peptide or variant or fragment thereof when the peptide is presented by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. The present invention further relates to methods for providing an engineered Treg and to methods and uses of said engineered Treg and vectors and kits of vectors encoding said Treg.

An immune suppressor cell modified to include an innate immune effector is described. Methods of using the modified immune suppressor cell to treat cancer are also described.

Provided are a product and a method for treating thrombocytopenia. The product and the method can fundamentally solve the problem of thrombocytopenia from the perspective of an autoimmune mechanism.

Compositions of matter and treatment protocols for reducing or completely avoiding the need for immune suppression in the context of allograft or xenograft transplantation. Use of mesenchymal stem cells, manipulated mesenchymal stem cells, iPSC derived mesenchymal stem cells, and products of said mesenchymal stem cells for promoting the process of immunological tolerance. In one embodiment the invention provides the use of third party universal donor iPSC gene edited mesenchymal stem cells to promote tolerance in context of a solid organ transplant such as renal, cardiac, hepatic or small intestine. In other embodiments endogenous mesenchymal stem cells in composite tissue allografts are activated and/expanded in order to promote tolerogenesis and reduced need for immune suppression.