An integrated thin-film lateral multi-junction solar device and fabrication method are provided. The device includes, for instance, a substrate, and a plurality of stacks extending vertically from the substrate. Each stack may include layers, and be electrically isolated against another stack. Each stack may also include an energy storage device above the substrate, a solar cell above the energy storage device, a transparent medium above the solar cell, and a micro-optic layer of spectrally dispersive and concentrating optical devices above the transparent medium. Furthermore, the device may include a first power converter connected between the energy storage device and a power bus, and a second power converter connected between the solar cell and the power bus. Further, different solar cells of different stacks may have different absorption characteristics.

Disclosed is a solar cell including a semiconductor substrate, a first conductive area formed on one surface of the semiconductor substrate, a second conductive area formed on a remaining surface of the semiconductor substrate, a first electrode connected to the first conductive area, and a second electrode connected to the second conductive area. The second electrode includes a pad portion and an electrode portion that include different conductive materials as main components. The pad portion includes at least one pad extending in a given direction, the wire being attached to the pad. The electrode portion and the pad are spaced apart from each other in the given direction so as to form a spacer therebetween.

A solar cell includes a semiconductor wafer, plural finger electrodes, at least one bus electrode, and at least one finger loop electrode. The semiconductor wafer has a light-receiving surface. The finger electrodes are arranged along a first direction and disposed on the light-receiving surface. The bus electrode is arranged along a second direction and disposed on the light-receiving surface, and the bus electrode is connected with the finger electrodes, in which the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The finger loop electrode is substantially arranged along the second direction and disposed on the light-receiving surface, and the finger loop electrode is connected to at least two of the finger electrodes, in which the finger loop electrode has a shape of non-square periodic wave.

Disclosed are a solar cell apparatus, and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell apparatus includes: dummy parts disposed on a support substrate; a plurality of solar cells disposed on the support substrate and disposed between the dummy parts; and a bus bar electrically connected to the solar cells and disposed between the support substrate and the dummy parts. Each of the solar cells and the dummy parts has a back electrode layer, a light absorbing layer, and a front electrode layer sequentially disposed on the support substrate.

A solar cell according to an embodiment of the invention includes a substrate of a first conductive type, an emitter region of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type, which is positioned at the substrate, an anti-reflection layer including a first opening exposing the emitter region and a plurality of second openings which expose the emitter region and are separated from one another, a first electrode which is positioned on a first portion of the emitter region exposed through the first opening and is connected to the first portion, a first bus bar which is positioned on a second portion of the emitter region exposed through the plurality of second openings and is connected to the second portion and the first electrode, and a second electrode which is positioned on the substrate and is connected to the substrate.

A solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells each including a semiconductor substrate, an emitter region forming a p-n junction along with the semiconductor substrate, a first electrode connected to the emitter region, and a second electrode connected to a back surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a plurality of wiring members connected to the first electrode or the second electrode and configured to electrically connect the plurality of solar cells in series, wherein a number of wiring members connected to the first electrode or the second electrode of each solar cell is 6 to 30, and the wiring members have a circular cross-section.

A solar cell includes: a first bus bar electrode disposed on a first end portion of the solar cell, and to which the wiring member is connected; a second bus bar electrode disposed on a second end portion of the solar cell, and to which the wiring member is connected; first finger electrodes disposed on the solar cell, electrically connected to the first bus bar electrode, and extending in a first direction toward the second bus bar electrode; second finger electrodes disposed on the solar cell, electrically connected to the second bus bar electrode, and extending in a second direction toward the first bus bar electrode. Each first finger electrode has a thickness which decreases as a distance to the second bus bar electrode decreases, and each second finger electrode has a thickness which decreases as a distance to the first bus bar electrode decreases.

A photovoltaic cell module includes: a transparent upper cover plate, a first polyolefin encapsulation layer, a cell group layer, a second polyolefin encapsulation layer, and a backplane that are sequentially disposed in a laminated manner, where outer edges of the transparent upper cover plate and the backplane exceed outer edges of the first polyolefin encapsulation layer, the cell group layer, and the second polyolefin encapsulation layer, an end part sealing block is further disposed between the transparent upper cover plate and the backplane, and the end part sealing block is located at peripheries of the first polyolefin encapsulation layer, the cell group layer, and the second polyolefin encapsulation layer.

Various implementations described herein are directed to determining an order or locations of power devices connected in a serial string to a central power device. The order or locations may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium.

A layer, sheet or film containing one or more flake-form effect pigments and one or more light scattering centers, methods for its preparation, its use for any type of device collecting solar cell energy, including but not limited to coloring solar cells or solar cell modules, and devices collecting solar cell energy, including but not limited to colored solar cells or colored solar cell modules, comprising such a layer, sheet or film, and methods for their preparation.