Embodiments disclosed herein provide systems and methods for controlling bandwidth across a network address translation (NAT) system. In a particular embodiment a method provides, identifying a first endpoint and a second endpoint to a communication session. The first endpoint is located within a domain of the NAT system and the second endpoint is located outside to the domain. The method further provides determining a bandwidth limitation for the communication session and exchanging communications between the first and second endpoints in accordance with the bandwidth limitation.

Routing packets by a router involves establishing a first flow configured for forwarding the packets from a first ingress interface to a first egress interface of the router; determining a condition to modify the first flow; deactivating the first flow; establishing a second flow configured for forwarding the packets from at least one of (1) the first ingress interface to a second egress interface, (2) a second ingress interface to the first egress interface, or (3) a second ingress interface to a second egress interface; and activating the second flow.

One embodiment includes a firewall, intrusion prevention, or other device that automatically and dynamically adjusts packets subjected to certain rate limiting based on the reputation level associated with these packets (e.g., based on the reputation score of the source of a packet). In response to measured traffic, one embodiment automatically adjusts the range of reputation scores determining which packets are subjected to this rate limiting (e.g., which packets are possibly dropped), such as, but not limited to increase or decrease the measured traffic. For example, packet traffic with a worse reputation can be singled out for this rate limiting during a period of increased traffic, and then when the measured traffic subsides, the range of reputation scores can be correspondingly changed to allow more measured traffic.

Streaming content with an electronic device includes incrementally downloading content data at a first quality level from a content server over a network. Triggered by receipt of a notification indicative of predicted network congestion, the electronic device requests and downloads a next increment of the content data at a second quality level lower than the first quality level from the content server.

A method and a network entity for evaluating a link between a first and a second network node are disclosed. The link is configured to carry data packets between the network nodes via a third network node. The link comprises a first segment and a second segment. The network entity obtains an indication of a measurement tool to be used in a measurement session for evaluation of the link. The network entity selects a mathematical model based on the indication. The network entity generates measurement values by executing the measurement session. The network entity determines a first and a second value relating to lost data packets of the first and second segments, respectively, based on the measurement values and the selected mathematical model. The network entity identifies at least one of the first and second segments based the first and second values.

Disclosed are a method, device, and computer storage medium for implementing IP address advertisement. An advertisement for controlling LSA11 and an advertisement control switch for flooding are added into a router. The router performs, according to a state indicated by the advertisement control switch, IP address advertisement or flooding for LSA11 encapsulated with an IP address.

A first network node, for supporting transport of data in a wireless communication network. One or more first data transmission connections, for first data flows, are established between the first network node and one or more service providing entities. One or more second data transmission connections, for second data flows associated with the first data flows, are established between the first network node and one or more wireless terminals via a target node. The first network node obtains a buffer measure that is indicative of a buffering degree at the target node for a first group of the second data flows. The first network node controls, based on the obtained buffer measure, a transmission pace between the first network node and the target node for a second group of the second data flows.

The present invention provides a data packet routing method and device. When a Switch receives, form an SE, a traffic flow on which service processing is performed, the Switch can determine a forwarding rule of a corresponding service chain according to the traffic flow received from the SE, and route, according to the forwarding rule, a data packet received from the SE. Compared with a case in the prior art in which an SPC needs to deliver a forwarding rule corresponding to each traffic flow to a Switch, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the technical solutions in which the SPC only needs to deliver a forwarding rule corresponding to each service chain to the Switch, thereby reducing signaling interaction between the SPC and the Switch and saving a network overhead.

A method and device for mode switching includes: a first base station sending a message including mode switching information to a first User Equipment (UE) to trigger the first UE to perform mode switching according to indication information of a mode in the mode switching information. The problem of poorer service continuity caused by mode switching inflexibility in the related is solved, and the effect of improving overall throughput of a system is further achieved.

A data packet forwarding method including receiving, by a network node, a data packet that comprises a bit string, a BFIR identifier (ID), and a multicast replication path (MRP) ID, wherein the BFIR ID identifies an ingress network node for a multicast group, and wherein the MRP ID identifies the multicast group, identifying an entry in a BIER Replication Path Cache Table (BRCT) using the BFIR ID and the MRP ID, wherein the entry identifies a replication neighbor (NBR) list associated with the BFIR ID and the MRP ID, and forwarding the data packet in accordance with the replication NBR list.