A method of transmission of a signal using a ring network that includes a plurality of transmission devices, any one transmission device of the plurality of transmission devices being set as a first blocking portion, and any another transmission device of the plurality of transmission devices being set as a second blocking portion, the method includes setting first information to a first signal, and transmitting the first signal from a first transmission device to a second transmission device, wherein when a value of the first information is a first value, the first blocking portion passes the first signal and the second blocking portion blocks the first signal, and when the value of the first information is a second value, the second blocking portion passes the first signal and the first blocking portion blocks the first signal.

Methods and systems for selecting among multiple concurrently active paths through a network are provided. According to one embodiment, a method is performed by a network interface of a source network device within a loop-free, reverse-path-learning network. The network is divided into multiple virtual local area networks (VLANs). Network traffic destined for a destination network device and specifying an address for the destination or including information from which the address can be derived is received from the source. A set of VLANs that can be used to transport the packet from the source to the destination is determined. Each VLAN in the set of VLANs is associated with a different path through the network from the source to the destination. A particular VLAN from the set of VLANs networks is selected, thereby effectively selecting a particular path from multiple selectable paths between the source and the destination.

In one embodiment, a method comprises creating, in a computing network, a loop-free routing topology comprising a plurality of routing arcs for reaching a destination network node, each routing arc comprising a first network node as a first end of the routing arc, a second network node as a second end of the routing arc, and at least a third network node configured for routing any network traffic along the routing arc toward the destination node via any one of the first or second ends of the routing arc, the loop-free routing topology providing first and second non-congruent paths; and forwarding bicasting data, comprising a data packet in a first direction from a network node and a bicasted copy of the data packet in a second direction from the network node, concurrently to the destination node respectively via the first and second non-congruent paths.

Memory devices, methods and systems are described in which a non-transitory memory device stores instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: receive, via an input component, at least one message from a network element in a multi-layer network comprising information indicative of at least one failure of a working path; determine based at least in part on information indicative of a data transport path coincident with the working path in a second layer in the network different from the first layer, an alternate path in the first layer for transmission of the data through the multi-layer network; and transmit, via an output component, at least one signal comprising configuration instructions to at least one line module, the configuration instructions directing the line module to switch and transmit the data using the alternate path.

A method and apparatus of a device that queues an out-of-order packet received on a multi-link group is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device receives a packet on a link of the multi-link group of a network element, where the packet is part of a data flow. The device further examines the packet, if the packet is associated with a re-orderable route. In addition, the device examines the packet by retrieving a packet sequence number from the packet and comparing the packet sequence number with the last received sequence number for this data flow. The device transmits the packet if the packet is a next packet in the data flow. If the packet is out-of-order, the device queues the packet.

Example methods are provided for a source virtual tunnel endpoint (VTEP) to perform congestion-aware load balancing in a data center network. The method may comprise the source VTEP learning congestion state information associated with multiple paths provided by respective multiple intermediate switches connecting the source VTEP with a destination VTEP. The method may also comprise the source VTEP receiving second packets that are sent by a source endpoint and destined for a destination endpoint; and selecting a particular path from multiple paths based on the congestion state information. The method may further comprise the source VTEP generating encapsulated second packets by encapsulating each of the second packets with header information that includes a set of tuples associated with the particular path; and sending the encapsulated second packets to the destination endpoint.

A receiving network node (210) configured to select from received packets differing by time of initial transmission from a sending network node (230), and accepting for transmission, based on initial transmission time, the selected packets to an application layer (740). An internetworked processor node configured to: (a) read a sequence number and an originator identifier of a received packet message (810); (b) compare a stored highest sequence number associated with the originator identifier with the received packet sequence number (820); (c) if the received packet sequence number is less than or equal to the stored highest sequence number associated with the originator identifier, then discard (840) the received packet; and (d) if the received packet sequence number is greater than the stored highest sequence number associated with the originator identifier, then deliver (860) the message of the received packet to an application based on an upper layer protocol.

Embodiments of an enhanced base station and method for communicating through an enhanced distributed antenna system (eDAS) are generally described herein. The eDAS includes geographically-separated antenna nodes and each of the antenna nodes has a plurality of antenna elements. The base station may perform physical-layer baseband processing for each of the antenna nodes at a centralized processing location, and may cause the antenna nodes to transmit reference signals in accordance with a multiplexing scheme to allow user equipment to perform channel estimation for the antenna elements of any one or more of the antenna nodes. The base station may also cause the antenna nodes to transmit signals having synchronization codes to allow the user equipment to synchronize with the antenna elements of any one or more of the antenna nodes. In some embodiments, the base station may communicate with the antenna nodes over a physical-layer interface.

A recovery network may provide communication recovery and backup services to an organization. The organization may comprise an internal network, such as Internet Protocol (IP) network. An alternative communication path communicatively couples communication devices of the organization to a public communication network. A recovery application operates on devices of the organization. The recovery network receives periodic availability indicators from devices within the organization. The recovery network identifies a communication endpoint of the intended recipient of a communication request using the availability indicators.

The following processing is executed by a communication apparatus capable of performing wireless communication in a first communication mode in which communication is performed via an access point and a second communication mode in which communication is performed with a communication partner apparatus in a peer-to-peer mode. If communicating with the communication partner apparatus in the second communication mode, it is determined whether to concurrently execute operations in the first communication mode and the second communication mode. If it is determined to concurrently execute the operations in the first communication mode and the second communication mode, it is controlled to operate as a service providing source which provides a service in the second communication mode.