A network element includes a processing system for supporting inter-area data transfer paths which are Border Gateway Protocol load sharing data paths. The processing system maintains usage attributes expressing whether a given inter-area data transfer path is to be used for servicing a given traffic category. The processing system recognizes a traffic category of a data frame to be forwarded on the basis of for example the Quality-of-Service class of the data frame. Thereafter, the processing system selects one of the inter-area data transfer paths at least partly on the basis of the usage attributes and the recognized traffic category, and forwards the data frame to the selected inter-area data transfer path. Therefore, Border Gateway Protocol load sharing can be utilized for providing for example Quality-of-Service class differentiated traffic engineering.

A first device may receive network traffic including a first label. The first label may be an inclusive multicast label associated with a second device. The second device may be a designated forwarder for an Ethernet segment. The first device may determine a second label based on receiving the network traffic including the first label. The second label may be used to route the network traffic to a customer edge device, via a third device, rather than the second device. The third device may be a non-designated forwarder for the Ethernet segment. The first device may provide the network traffic, including the second label, to the third device to permit the third device to provide, via the Ethernet segment, the network traffic to the customer edge device based on the second label when a failure occurs in association with the second device.

A method for failure recovery in a virtual network environment including a virtual network having virtual nodes and virtual links mapped onto substrate nodes and substrate paths, respectively, of a substrate network, the method comprising, in response to an indication of failure of at least one substrate node in the substrate network: re-mapping a virtual node mapped to a failed substrate node to a selected substrate node other than the failed substrate node; and re-mapping a virtual link mapped to a substrate path that involves the failed substrate node to a substrate path that does not involve the failed substrate node; wherein the re-mapping is carried out to achieve at least one re-mapping objective.

Graceful restart in routers having redundant routing facilities may be accomplished by replicating network (state/topology) information.

Systems and methods are provided for dynamically routing packets using multi-flow and multi-path multiplexing connections. A first computing device and second computing device communicate via a plurality of data flows, which may be routed across various network paths. Each flow is defined by a set of network addresses, a set of ports, and a protocol specification, such as UDP. The second device sends information to the first device regarding the various data flows. The first device may send probing packets to facilitate collecting data flow information. Information may include latency, packet loss, and other values. Based on the information received, the first device may select or prioritize data flows to mitigate congestion, and address performance criteria. The first device may also transmit information regarding selected data flows to other devices, allowing the other devices to utilize a selected data flow even if they lack multiplexing capability.

The present disclosure provides a data transmission method, an apparatus and a terminal. The method includes: establishing a plurality of physical connections between a first network element and a second network element; establishing a plurality of virtual connections on each of the physical connections; selecting a first virtual connection from the plurality of virtual connections based on a pre-determined rule; and executing a data transmission process on the selected first virtual connection. By using the present disclosure, the issues of poor transmission quality and waste of resources when using a TCP connection in the relevant art to perform data transmission may be solved, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of data.

An RB device creates a primary multicast tree and a corresponding backup multicast tree, and determines whether the primary multicast tree for forwarding traffic fails or not, according to a received first LSP packet; when the primary multicast tree fails, the RB device forwards the traffic using the backup multicast tree.

Exemplary payment networks and methods are provided for facilitating data transfers. One exemplary method includes determining a subset of network routers that offer access to a regional hub based on network address summaries for first and second routers and prioritizing the first router over the second router, based on a specificity value of each of the first and second routers, as defined by the network address summaries. The method also includes checking whether a connection to the first router provides a viable data transfer path to the regional hub and recording the path to the first router in a routing table, when the connection to the first router is viable. Further, the method includes receiving a request to transfer data to the regional hub and transferring the data, via the path recorded in the routing table, to the regional hub.

Communication apparatus includes multiple interfaces configured to be connected to respective links in a packet data network. Switching circuitry in the apparatus is coupled between the interfaces and is configured to receive, via a first interface among the multiple interfaces, an adaptive routing notification (ARN) requesting that a specified flow of packets from a given source to a given destination in the network be rerouted. The switching circuitry is configured, upon verifying that the first interface serves as an egress interface for the packets in the specified flow, to reroute the specified flow through a different, second interface among the multiple interfaces when there is an alternative route available in the network from the second interface to the given destination, and after finding that there is no alternative route available from any of the interfaces to the given destination, to forward the ARN to a plurality of the interfaces.

A protection switching method and apparatus using operator's command in a dual-node interconnection-based protection switching. An operation method of a third end node receives an operator's command for selecting one of a working path and a protection path in a protection domain, receives information about an isolation status of a second end node and the third end node in an adjacent recovery domain connected through the second end node connected to the working path and the third end node connected to the protection path, determines whether to connect to the second end node based on information about the isolation status, delivers traffic to a path determined based on the operator's command and whether to connect to the second end node, and transfers, to the second end node, information about a connectivity decision including whether to connect to the second end node.