A switch apparatus includes a first controller, a second controller, and a plurality of switch devices, the plurality of switch devices being configured to receive a packet and store a flow table which indicates a method of handling a process of the received packet, wherein the first controller informs a first content of the flow table to the plurality of switch devices, a first switch device detects a communication error between the first switch device and the first controller, the first switch device informs a second switch device of the communication error, and the second switch device changes a connecting destination from the first controller to the second controller.

A computing system in data communication with a plurality of nodes that make up a distributed computing cluster can detect an absence of communication from a node of the plurality of nodes over a time period that exceeds a predefined threshold time period. The computing system can query an instance of a central topology manager for the plurality of nodes regarding liveness of the node from which the absence of communication was detected and can attempting to re-initiate communication with the node when the instance of the central topology manager indicates that the node is live.

There is disclosed a method of processing a transaction request. The transaction request is associated with a computer transaction which has to be executed in a succeed-or-fail-as-a-whole manner. The method is executable in a distributed processing system having a plurality of nodes. Each of executing nodes is associated with a pre-defined type of the computer transaction and is directly addressable by a controlling node. In response to receiving by the controlling node, from a client device, a transaction request, the controlling node determines, based on the pre-defined type of the computer transaction, a specific node of a set of executing nodes responsible for the pre-defined type of the computer transaction and sends the transaction request directly to the determined specific node for execution thereof. While the determined specific node executed the transaction requests, it blocks receiving of additional transaction requests until the transaction request is executed.

A link protection method in a software-defined networking (SDN), a corresponding switching device and network controller, where the method includes receiving, by a first switching device in the SDN, first information from a network controller in the SDN and link protection information, where the first information establishes a communication link between the first switching device and a destination device, and the link protection information instructs the first switching device to proactively perform primary-to-secondary link switching when a link is faulty, establishing, by the first switching device, the communication link with the destination device according to the first information, and determining, by the first switching device according to the link protection information, that the first switching device proactively performs the primary-to-secondary link switching.

In general, embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for enabling a peer state synchronization mechanism for dynamic network address translation (DNAT). More specifically, at least two network elements may be permitted to mount each other's DNAT tables, thereby providing redundancy for the implementation of DNATs in case of the failover of one of the network elements. The failed network element may then re-initialize while the functional network element continues to process packets, including packets that have been redirected to the functional network element post-failure of the failed network element. Upon completing re-initialization, the once failed network element recovers its DNAT table from the functional network element and proceeds to process packets normally.

A method is described for operating a device in a wireless communication system. The device communicates with a base station using a subframe for the device only; detects, by the device, a problem with a connection between the device and the base station. The device starts a timer upon detecting the problem with the connection between the device and the base station. The device releases a restriction of using the subframe for the device only, if the timer expires. The problem with the connection between the device and the base station is associated with a radio link failure. The detection of a problem with the connection between the device and the base station comprises detecting consecutive out-of-sync indications.

The embodiments disclose a method and apparatus of selecting a path for transmission from paths between a first LER and a second LER in the MPLS network. The method may comprise: obtaining state information of the paths between the first LER and the second LER, the state information may indicate that a path is in up state or down state; obtaining stability information of at least one of the paths between the first LER and the second LER, the stability information may indicate that a path is stable or unstable; and selecting a path for transmission based on the state information and the stability information.

In one embodiment, a method includes computing at a controller, a primary path and a backup path for transmittal of multicast data from service nodes in communication with the controller and a multicast source to access nodes in communication with multicast receivers, and transmitting from the controller, information for the primary path and the backup path to the access nodes for use by the access nodes in receiving the multicast data on the primary path and the backup path, and switching transmittal of the multicast data to the multicast receivers from the primary path to the backup path upon identifying a failure in the primary path to provide fast reroute at the access nodes. A multicast control plane runs in the controller without operating in the access nodes. An apparatus is also disclosed herein.

A device may monitor a status of a first data center of a group of data centers. The device may determine, based on the status of the first data center, to cause a failover from the first data center to a second data center. The device may cause a domain name server (DNS) configuration, associated with an external DNS, to be and a set of DNS entries, associated with an internal DNS, to be altered to cause a portion of the network traffic, respectively associated with a first network and a second network of the plurality of networks, to be routed the second data center. The device may cause a load balancer configuration to be altered to cause a portion of the network traffic associated with a third network of the plurality of networks to be redirected from the first data center to the second data center.

A transmitting end-point computes a current transmission rate for each respective outbound half-route of outbound half-routes of a route set between transmitting and receiving end-points. The transmitting end-point receives, from the receiving end-point via a respective inbound half-route of the route set, a transmission rate limit for each respective outbound half-route, the transmission rate limit computed by the receiving end-point from routing headers of messages received by the receiving end-point on the respective outbound half-route, wherein the transmission rate limit for each respective outbound half-route places an upper bound on the current transmission rate for transmissions issued on the respective outbound half-route.