An improved system and method are disclosed for peer-to-peer communications. In one example, the method enables an endpoint to engage in a call with another endpoint using a third party instant message system to carry instant messages containing signaling information and a route that is external to the third party instant message system for both signaling and media information.

A wireless base station receives signaling from User Equipment (UE) that indicates multiple data services. The base station transfers signaling indicating the data services to a Mobility Management Entity (MME). The MME selects individual MMEs to support the individual data services and transfers signaling indicating the MME/service combinations. The base station receives the MME/service combinations and transfers signaling to the selected MMEs indicating their data services for the UE. The MMEs perform session control for the data services for the UE. The MMEs also exchange Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling for the data services with the UE over the wireless base station.

An information processing apparatus in a mesh network, includes circuitry that, when the information processing apparatus is allocated as a root node for multicast transmission, transmits path request for multicast to other information processing apparatuses in the mesh network. The circuitry also determines a path for multicast based on responses received from the other information processing apparatuses, and performs multicast transmission of data via the determined path for multicast.

Exemplary methods include a first network device participating in an election process to determine a designated bit forwarding router (D-BFR). The methods include in response to determining the first network device is elected to be the D-BFR, performing D-BFR operations comprising determining an elected bitmask (BM) length of a BM based on maximum local BM lengths advertised by other BFRs in the network, wherein each bit of the BM will correspond to a bit forwarding egress router (BFER), and advertising the determined elected BM length to other BFRs. The methods may further include one or more of determining an elected tree type based on supported tree types advertised by other BFRs in the network, assigning one or more BM positions (BMPs) to one or more BFERs, and advertising the elected determined tree type and/or the assigned one or more BMPs.

Apparatuses, methods and computer readable media for multi-user request-to-send and clear-to-send are disclosed. An apparatus of a high-efficiency wireless local area network (HEW) master station comprising circuitry is disclosed. The circuitry may be configured to: select a first group of stations to transmit a multi-user request-to-send (MU-RTS) transmission to and generate a MU-RTS packet for the first group of stations. The circuitry may be configured to transmit the MU-RTS packet to the first group of stations. The MU-RTS may include a resource map that indicates a subchannel for each of the first group of stations to receive data on and/or a power control indication for at least one of the stations of the one or more stations. The MU-RTS may indicate that some of the first group of stations should transmit a multi-user clear-to-send (MU-CTS) and others of the first group of stations should not transmit a MU-CTS.

In one embodiment, a method provides for hosting, by a first virtual switch of an overlay virtual network, a multi-destination receiver for a multi-destination group. The first virtual switch receives, from a second virtual switch hosting a multi-destination sender for the multi-destination group, a single copy of a multi-destination packet, wherein the first virtual switch is represented by a node of a plurality of nodes in a tree created by a network controller, and wherein each of the nodes represents a virtual switch that has registered a multi-destination receiver with the network controller. The first virtual switch forwards the received multi-destination packet to a third virtual switch hosting a multi-destination receiver for the multi-destination group, wherein the third virtual switch is represented in the tree by a child of the node.

As compared to the conventional method, a non-blocking multicast switching system is provided in which the number of switches to be operated can be reduced and the path switching can be quick. A multicast switching system with an input stage, a middle stage, and an output stage, including a plurality of input switch elements of receiving/transmitting streams from input sources/to the middle stage, a plurality of middle switch elements of receiving/transmitting streams from the input switch elements/to the output stage, the plurality of middle switch elements being grouped into a plurality of groups and a plurality of output switch elements of receiving/outputting streams from the middle switch elements/to output destinations, wherein the input switch elements transmit the streams to each of the plurality of groups.

It is possible to further reduce failure of simultaneous imaging performed by a plurality of imaging terminals. A second processor repeatedly transmits a specific multi-address packet in a first duration when a communication connection of a data link level with an imaging terminal 101 is not established. When a time point at which a first communication device 103 has received a specific multi-address packet is referred to as a first time point, a first processor 102 performs imaging control in response to the specific multi-address packet that has been received at the first time point and does not perform the imaging control in response to a specific multi-address packet that is newly received in the first duration after the first time point.

A plurality of line cards with each line card having a respective network forwarding engine and a respective outgoing interface (OIF) list and at least one fabric module communicatively coupled with each line card with each fabric module can have a respective network forwarding engine. The local OIF list can be asymmetrically programmed. The network forwarding engine of a line card can be configured to receive a multicast packet, compare a multicast address associate with the received multicast packet with entries in the local OIF list of the line card and forward the received multicast packet to at least one interface associated with the multicast address in response to the comparison resulting in a match.

Disclosed are systems and methods for the delivery of multi-unicast communication traffic. A multimedia router is adapted to analyze and identify contents which it handles and one or more access nodes are adapted to receive one or more of the identified contents, cache contents based on said identification; and use cached contents as substitutes for redundant traffic, received by the same access node.