A steering handle for inputting a driver's steering command into a steer-by-wire vehicle steering mechanism comprises a rotatably mounted main part for actuation by the driver. A transmission is arranged in a receptacle on the main part, an input member of the transmission can be coupled to an electric motor, and an output member of the transmission is coupled to the main part.

A wheel hub transmission unit for a wheel hub defining an axis of rotation includes a pinion hub carrier arranged concentrically with respect to the axis of rotation and onto which a pinion is mounted torsionally rigid to drive the wheel hub, a hub body arranged axially next to the pinion hub carrier and having an interior space, a transmission sleeve arranged concentrically inside the interior space and including a magnetically coded material that forms a measuring portion, a drive coupling via which the pinion hub carrier and the transmission sleeve are coupled, and an output coupling via which the transmission sleeve is coupled to the hub body such that the torque is detectable in the interior space by the measuring portion of the transmission sleeve by the magnetic properties of the magnetically coded material, wherein the magnetic properties change under the influence of the torque.

A heat radiation base body extending in a direction of a rotation shaft of an electric motor close to the rotation shaft is provided at an end surface of a motor housing accommodating the electric motor. A board of one electronic control unit of a redundant system is fixed to the heat radiation base body along the direction in which heat radiation base body extends with thermal conduction allowed. A board of the other electronic control unit of redundant system is fixed to the heat radiation base body along a direction in which the heat radiation base body extends, so as to face the board of one electronic control unit, with thermal conduction allowed. A cover covering these is fixed to an end surface of the motor housing without a bolt. Thus, a housing accommodating the electronic control unit is not necessary. A sealing part is only the connecting portion between the motor housing and cover, thereby eliminating additional structure of the sealing part, sealing component required for seal and bolt.

A steering handle for inputting a driver's steering command into a steer-by-wire vehicle steering mechanism comprises a rotatably mounted main part for actuation by the driver. A transmission is arranged in a receptacle on the main part, an input member of the transmission can be coupled to an electric motor, and an output member of the transmission is coupled to the main part.

A vehicle steering apparatus. The durability of a sensor rotor to heat and abrasion is improved. The flatness of the sensor rotor is prevented from being lowered during calking for coupling of the sensor rotor to a steering shaft so that steering torque of a driver can be more accurately detected. A fabrication process is simplified, and fabrication costs are reduced.

A control unit functionally comprises a first steering-torque application control part which commands a steering actuator of a vehicle to execute application of a steering torque determined by a first steering characteristic CH1 and a second steering-torque application control part which commands the steering actuator of the vehicle to execute application of a steering torque determined by a second steering characteristic CH2. In a case where the vehicle travels at a curved portion of the lane, the first steering characteristic CH1 is set such that a first steering-force increase part L1 is located further toward an allowed right-end point E.sub.GR as a vehicle speed becomes higher and the second steering characteristic CH2 is set such that a magnitude of a torque maintenance part L4 becomes lower as a radius of curvature of the curved portion of the lane becomes smaller, like CH2H-CH2L.

A method of protecting a multi-function drive axle system from damage, comprising the steps of: determining the axle torque and speed from sensors positioned on the multi-function drive axle system; using the axle torque and speed to approximate damage values for the driveline of the multi-function drive axle system; comparing the approximated values of driveline damage with driveline damage durability targets; identifying if the approximated values of driveline damage exceed the driveline damage durability targets; and limiting the engine torque and/or speed to produce an axle torque and speed corresponding to driveline damage values that do not exceed the driveline damage durability targets.

A drive-train of a vehicle which at least includes a drive motor (1) and a transmission (2). The drive-train has at least one torque sensor (6, 6A) which is provided for the purpose of controlling a drive component of the drive-train. The torque sensor (6, 6A) is integrated in a transmission component in order to determine, at the time, the torque applied to the transmission component.

In an electric vehicle including a motor shaft connected to a drive motor, a counter shaft coupled with the motor shaft, a drive shaft coupled with the counter shaft, a drive wheel coupled with the drive shaft, a plurality of bearings configured to support the counter shaft, and a plurality of gears configured to rotate integrally with the counter shaft, a torque sensor is disposed in a region in which a slope of a bending moment occurring on the counter shaft is minimum at a time that the drive motor is driven.

A motor unit including a drive motor that includes an output shaft having a hollow portion; a torque sensor arranged within the hollow portion; and a cooling mechanism. The cooling mechanism has one end of a coolant path arranged inside the hollow portion and cools the drive motor and the torque sensor. A vehicle can include the motor unit. The drive motor can act as a traction motor generating traction drive force of the vehicle.