A method of encapsulating data and a single frequency network configured to perform the method are disclosed. A content stream of data packets is received, and the data packets in the content stream are formatted in accordance with a first protocol. Information identifying a container size established for the content stream is received. The data packets formatted in accordance with the first protocol are fragmented and packed to form data units formatted in accordance with a second protocol, and the data units are sized based on the container size. The data units formatted in accordance with the second protocol are encapsulated to form second protocol data packets. The second protocol data packets are provided to a transmitter that is synchronized to one or more transmitters in a single frequency network so that each transmitter in the single frequency network broadcasts a same signal that includes the second protocol data packets.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for implementing in Network Interface Controller (NIC) flow switching. Switching operations are effected via hardware-based forwarding mechanisms in apparatus such as NICs in a manner that does not employ use of computer system processor resources and is transparent to operating systems hosted by such computer systems. The forwarding mechanisms are configured to move or copy Media Access Control (MAC) frame data between receive (Rx) and transmit (Tx) queues associated with different NIC ports that may be on the same NIC or separate NICs. The hardware-based switching operations effect forwarding of MAC frames between NIC ports using memory operations, thus reducing external network traffic, internal interconnect traffic, and processor workload associated with packet processing.

A video encoding device (e.g., a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU)) may transmit an encoded frame with a frame sequence number using a transmission protocol. The video encoding device, an application on the video encoding device, and/or a protocol layer on the encoding device may detect a packet loss by receiving an error notification. The packet loss may be detected at the MAC layer. The packet loss may be signaled using spoofed packets, such as a spoofed NACK packet, a spoofed XR packet, or a spoofed ACK packet. A lost packet may be retransmitted at the MAC layer (e.g., by the encoding device or another device on the wireless path). Packet loss detection may be performed in uplink operations and/or downlink operations, and/or may be performed in video gaining applications via the cloud. The video encoding device may generate and send a second encoded frame based on the error notification.

Methods and systems for wireless packet switching include determining a schedule for transceivers in an enclosure. The schedule specifies which of the transceivers will act as a transmitter and which will act as a receiver. A beamforming direction for transmitting data from each transmitter to each corresponding receiver is determined. It is determined that an angle of the beamforming direction for at least one transmitter is lower than a minimum angle. Data is transmitted from a transmitter to the corresponding receiver by a wired connection, responsive to the determination that the angle of the beamforming direction is lower than a minimum angle.

Systems, methods and devices relating to a network-accessible data storage device comprising a network interface in data communication with a network, the network interface for receiving and sending data units, the data units being assigned to at least one of a plurality of network data queues depending on at least one data unit characteristic; a data storage component communicatively coupled with the network interface, the data storage component comprising a plurality of data storage resources for receiving and responding to data transactions communicated in data units; and a queue mapping component for mapping each network data queues to at least one data storage resource for processing of data transactions.

An apparatus and method for queuing data to a memory buffer. The method includes selecting a queue from a plurality of queues; receiving a token of data from the selected queue and requesting, by a queue module, addresses and pointers from a buffer manager for addresses allocated by the buffer manager for storing the token of data. Subsequently, a memory list is accessed by the buffer manager and addresses and pointers are generated to allocated addresses in the memory list which comprises a plurality of linked memory lists for additional address allocation. The method further includes writing into the accessed memory list the pointers for the allocated address where the pointers link together allocated addresses; and migrating to other memory lists for additional address allocations upon receipt of subsequent tokens of data from the queue; and generating additional pointers linking together the allocated addresses in the other memory lists.

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for enhancing performance of multi-path communications. Multi-path communication performance may be enhanced by determining whether multipath communications share a congested router. A multi-path real-time communication protocol may provide techniques to prevent, detect, communicate and respond to a shared congested router. A shared congested router may be prevented, and/or detected using one or more detection techniques.

Methods to strengthen the cyber-security and privacy in a proposed deterministic Internet of Things (IoT) network are described. The proposed deterministic IoT consists of a network of simple deterministic packet switches under the control of a low-complexity ‘Software Defined Networking’ (SDN) control-plane. The network can transport ‘Deterministic Traffic Flows’ (DTFs), where each DTF has a source node, a destination node, a fixed path through the network, and a deterministic or guaranteed rate of transmission. The SDN control-plane can configure millions of distinct interference-free ‘Deterministic Virtual Networks’ (DVNs) into the IoT, where each DVN is a collection of interference-free DTFs. The SDN control-plane can configure each deterministic packet switch to store several deterministic periodic schedules, defined for a scheduling-frame which comprises F time-slots. The schedules of a network determine which DTFs are authorized to transmit data over each fiber-optic link of the network. These schedules also ensure that each DTF will receive a deterministic rate of transmission through every switch it traverses, with full immunity to congestion, interference and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. Any unauthorized transmissions by a cyber-attacker can also be detected quickly, since the schedules also identify unauthorized transmissions. Each source node and destination node of a DTF, and optionally each switch in the network, can have a low-complexity private-key encryption/decryption unit. The SDN control-plane can configure the source and destination nodes of a DTF, and optionally the switches in the network, to encrypt and decrypt the packets of a DTF using these low-complexity encryption/decryption units. To strengthen security and privacy and to lower the energy use, the private keys can be very large, for example several thousands of bits. The SDN control-plane can configure each DTF to achieve a desired level of security well beyond what is possible with existing schemes such as AES, by using very long keys. The encryption/decryption units also use a new serial permutation unit the very low hardware cost, which allows for exceptional security and very-high throughputs in FPGA hardware.

In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms and methods for facilitating dynamic hierarchical management of queue resources in an on-demand services environment in a multi-tenant environment according to one embodiment. In one embodiment and by way of example, a method includes assigning, in runtime, by the database system, weights to at least one of a plurality of tenants and a plurality of message types. The assigned weights are capable of being dynamically scaled, in runtime, based on one or more factors. The method may further include allocating, in runtime, by the database system, resources to one or more of the plurality of tenants and one or more of the plurality of message types based on their assigned one or more weights of the weights. The allocated resources are capable of being dynamically modified, in runtime, based on scaling of the assigned weights.

A network system for a data center is described in which a switch fabric may provide full mesh interconnectivity such that any servers may communicate packet data to any other of the servers using any of a number of parallel data paths. Moreover, according to the techniques described herein, edge-positioned access nodes, optical permutation devices and core switches of the switch fabric may be configured and arranged in a way such that the parallel data paths provide single L2/L3 hop, full mesh interconnections between any pairwise combination of the access nodes, even in massive data centers having tens of thousands of servers. The plurality of optical permutation devices permute communications across the optical ports based on wavelength so as to provide, in some cases, full-mesh optical connectivity between edge-facing ports and core-facing ports.