Disclosed are a solar cell cutting and passivation integrated processing method and a solar cell prepared using the method. The solar cell includes a substrate (1), a front electrode layer (2), a light absorption layer (3) and a back electrode layer (4) from bottom to top. Before laser structured cutting is performed for the back electrode layer (4), a protective layer (5) is disposed on a surface of the back electrode layer (4), and then laser structured cutting is performed for the back electrode layer (4), or the back electrode layer (4) and the light absorption layer (3) simultaneously through the protective layer (5) to obtain a corresponding structured trench (P3) while the protective layer (5) is kept from being cut by laser, and a material of the protective layer (5) is partially molten due to a localized high temperature generated by the laser processing in a laser structured cutting process and infiltrates into an underlying corresponding structured trench (P3). In this method, at the time of performing laser cutting processing, passivation is performed for newly-processed trench at the same time, reducing production costs, saving processing time. Further, the trench edges after cutting are repaired to improve the morphology of the processed trench, improving the stability of the cell and extending the service life of the cell.

A method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element according to an aspect includes an active layer forming step of forming an active layer having a repeating unit represented by Chemical Formula 1. The active layer forming step includes: a first layer forming step of forming a first layer by applying polyamic acid serving as a precursor; a first heating step of heating the first layer at 120° C. for 20 minutes to 60 minutes; and a second heating step of heating the first layer at 230° C. to 280° C. for 10 minutes.

An organic light emitting diode comprises a hole transport layer, an emissive layer, and an electron transport layer. The hole transport layer and optionally the electron transport layer is made of a material having a refractive index having a specific anisotropy.

Method of making a current collecting grid for solar cells, including the steps of a) providing a continuous layer stack (1) on a substrate (8), the layer stack (1) including an upper (2) and a lower (3) conductive layer having a photoactive layer (4) interposed there between; b) selectively removing the upper conductive layer (2) and the photoactive layer (4) for obtaining a first contact hole (10) extending through the upper conductive layer (2) and photoactive layer (4) exposing the lower conductive layer (3); c) printing a front contact body (4) on the upper conductive layer (2) and a back contact body (5) in the first contact hole (10) on the lower conductive layer (3) and forming an electrically insulating first gap surrounding the back contact body (5) between the upper conductive layer (2) and the back contact body (2).

Methods for attaching a reducible nanomaterial to an organic polymer are described herein. A method includes subjecting a reaction mixture that includes the reducible nanomaterial and the organic polymer to a reducing agent under reaction conditions sufficient to reduce the nanomaterial, activate the organic polymer, and attach the reduced nanomaterial to the organic polymer during the reaction.

Provided are a photoelectric conversion element including a first electrode having a photosensitive layer including a light absorber on a conductive support and a second electrode facing the first electrode, in which the light absorber includes a compound having a perovskite-type crystal structure, and a compound represented by a specific formula is provided on a surface of the first electrode, a solar cell using the same, and a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element including bringing a first electrode having a photosensitive layer in which a compound having a specific perovskite-type crystal structure is included as a light absorber on a conductive support into contact with a liquid containing a compound represented by specific Formula (AC).

A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode layer. The first electrode layer includes a first base member, and a rough layer formed on the first base member. The photoelectric conversion layer is formed on the rough layer, and the second electrode layer is formed above the photoelectric conversion layer. The rough layer includes a plurality of metal fine particles irregularly connected together and to a surface of the first base member, and the photoelectric conversion layer infiltrates among the plurality of metal fine particles constituting the rough layer.

Provided are a photoelectric conversion device giving high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a production method thereof. A photoelectric conversion device having an anode, a cathode, an active layer containing a perovskite compound disposed between the anode and the cathode, and a hole injection layer disposed between the anode and the active layer, wherein hole injection layer is a layer having a residual film rate of 80% or more in measurement of the residual film rate after a water rinse treatment, and the material of the hole injection layer is at least one material selected from the group consisting of polythiophene and derivatives thereof, aromatic amine compounds, and polymer compounds having an aromatic amine residue containing a phenyl group having at least three substituents as a repeating unit.

According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing a transparent conductor is provided. In the method, a silver nanowire layer including a plurality of silver nanowires and having openings is formed on a graphene film supported by a copper support. Then, a transparent resin layer insoluble in a copper-etching solution is formed on the silver nanowire layer such that the transparent resin layer contacts the graphene film through the openings. The copper support is then brought into contact with the non-acidic copper-etching solution to remove the copper support, thereby exposing the graphene film.

A solar generator can include a photon-enhanced thermionic emission generator with a cathode to receive solar radiation. The photon-enhanced thermionic emission generator can include an anode that in conjunction with the cathode generates a first current and waste heat from the solar radiation. A thermoelectric generator can be thermally coupled to the anode and can convert the waste heat from the anode into a second current. A circuit can connect to the photon-enhanced thermionic emission generator and to the thermoelectric generator and can combine the first and the second currents into an output current.