Apparatuses and methods are provided for applying accelerated electrons to a gaseous medium by means of an electron beam generator, which has at least one cathode for emitting electrons and at least one electron exit window, wherein a) the at least one cathode is annular and the at least one electron exit window is in the form of an annular first hollow cylinder, the annular electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder forms an inner wall of an annular housing of the electron beam generator, wherein the electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerated to the ring axis of the annular housing; b) an annular second hollow cylinder is arranged within the electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder and delimits an annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; c) a cooling gas is fed through the annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; and d) the gaseous medium to which accelerated electrons are to be applied is fed through the second hollow cylinder.

Apparatuses and methods are provided for applying accelerated electrons to a gaseous medium by means of an electron beam generator, which has at least one cathode for emitting electrons and at least one electron exit window, wherein a) the at least one cathode is annular and the at least one electron exit window is in the form of an annular first hollow cylinder, the annular electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder forms an inner wall of an annular housing of the electron beam generator, wherein the electrons emitted by the cathode are accelerated to the ring axis of the annular housing; b) an annular second hollow cylinder is arranged within the electron exit window in the form of the first hollow cylinder and delimits an annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; c) a cooling gas is fed through the annular space between the first hollow cylinder and the second hollow cylinder; and d) the gaseous medium to which accelerated electrons are to be applied is fed through the second hollow cylinder.

A SCR catalyst composition comprises a SCR catalyst; and a binder comprising a porous inorganic material, wherein the porous inorganic material comprises a disordered arrangement of delaminated layers, has a disordered porous structure, and has a multimodal pore size distribution comprising at least a first modal maximum having a macroporous or mesoporous pore size and a second modal maximum having a microporous pore size. The SCR catalyst composition can be manufactured using the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an inorganic material having a layered structure; (ii) contacting the material with a cationic surfactant to form a swollen material; (iii) agitating the swollen material to form an agitated material; and (iv) calcining the agitated material to recover a delaminated inorganic material, wherein an SCR catalyst is mixed with the inorganic material prior to step (iv).

A SCR catalyst composition comprises a SCR catalyst; and a binder comprising a porous inorganic material, wherein the porous inorganic material comprises a disordered arrangement of delaminated layers, has a disordered porous structure, and has a multimodal pore size distribution comprising at least a first modal maximum having a macroporous or mesoporous pore size and a second modal maximum having a microporous pore size. The SCR catalyst composition can be manufactured using the method comprising the steps of: (i) providing an inorganic material having a layered structure; (ii) contacting the material with a cationic surfactant to form a swollen material; (iii) agitating the swollen material to form an agitated material; and (iv) calcining the agitated material to recover a delaminated inorganic material, wherein an SCR catalyst is mixed with the inorganic material prior to step (iv).

Provided is a catalytic washcoat having a catalyst component and an alumina binder, wherein the catalyst component includes an aluminosilicate molecular sieve having a beta (BEA) and/or chabazite (CHA) framework, and about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a base metal component comprising iron and/or copper, wherein said weight percent is based on the weight of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve.

Provided is a catalytic washcoat having a catalyst component and an alumina binder, wherein the catalyst component includes an aluminosilicate molecular sieve having a beta (BEA) and/or chabazite (CHA) framework, and about 1 to about 10 weight percent of a base metal component comprising iron and/or copper, wherein said weight percent is based on the weight of the aluminosilicate molecular sieve.

Aspects of the present application provides for enhanced catalytic materials, which can feature multiple functional and/or catalytic species, and methods of their formation. The materials can include catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) partially embedded within a supporting matrix. Treatment of the material, e.g., thermal, optical, microwave, plasma, and/or chemical treatment, can lead to the formation of functionally, e.g., catalytic or co-catalytic, relevant chemical and structural/morphological species or features at the NP-matrix, NP-pore, and matrix-pore interfaces. The treated material is characterized by enhanced properties, e.g., greater mechanical stability.

A exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided with: a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including entry-side cells, exit-side cells, and a porous partition; a first catalyst region formed in small diameter pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; and a second catalyst region formed in large diameter pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition. The first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, while the second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in the first catalyst region.

A exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided with: a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including entry-side cells, exit-side cells, and a porous partition; a first catalyst region formed in small diameter pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; and a second catalyst region formed in large diameter pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition. The first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, while the second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in the first catalyst region.

Provided is an exhaust gas purifying device of an internal-combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing the same, with which it is possible for a honeycomb carrier to be held securely within a case member using a low-cost, simple structure. The exhaust gas purifying device is provided with: a columnar honeycomb carrier 11 in which a plurality of cells which extend from an exhaust gas inflow side to an outflow side, and which serve as exhaust gas flow paths, are demarcated and famed by means of porous separating walls; a three-way catalyst supported in the honeycomb carrier 11; and a cylindrical case member 12 in which the honeycomb carrier 11 is housed, with the interposition of a retaining member 13. The honeycomb carrier 11 is provided with outer circumferential plugging portions 111a and 111b formed in such a way as to plug, to a prescribed depth, openings Ca and Cb of cells in an outer circumferential portion P of at least one end surface of the two end surfaces, in the central axis X-direction, of the honeycomb carrier 11; and inclined portions 112a and 112b formed in a direction whereby the length, in the central axis X-direction, of the outer circumferential plugging portions 111a and 111b decreases toward the outer circumferential edge. Further, the inclined portions 112a and 112b catch on the inner walls of the case member 12, with the interposition of the retaining member 13, thereby retaining the honeycomb carrier 11 in the case member 12.