A system and method configured for use in a text-to-speech (TTS) system is provided. Embodiments may include identifying, using one or more processors, a word or phrase as a named entity and identifying a language of origin associated with the named entity. Embodiments may further include transliterating the named entity to a script associated with the language of origin. If the TTS system is operating in the language of origin, embodiments may include passing the transliterated script to the TTS system. If the TTS system is not operating in the language of origin, embodiments may include generating a phoneme sequence in the language of origin using a grapheme to phoneme (G2P) converter.

A language processing system for text normalization of an input string of a semiotic class. In an aspect, a method includes receiving an input string; accessing, for a semiotic class of non-standard words, a language universal covering grammar for a plurality of languages that generates, for each language of the plurality of languages, one or more sequences of word-level components for each instance of the semiotic class in the language; for each of the plurality of languages, accessing a lexical map specific to the language and that maps each sequence of word-level components for each instance of the semiotic class in the language verbalizations in the language; generating, from the language universal grammar and the lexical maps, a lattice of possible verbalizations of the input string; and selecting one of the possible verbalizations as a selected verbalization for the input string.

Systems and methods for building a dialog-state specific multi-turn contextual language understanding system are provided. More specifically, the systems and methods infer or are configured to infer a state-specific schema and/or state-specific rules from a formed single-shot language understanding model and/or a single-shot rule set. As such, the systems and methods only require the information necessary to form a single-shot language understanding model and/or a single-shot rule set from a builder to form or build the dialog-state specific multi-turn contextual language understanding system. Accordingly, the systems and methods for building a dialog-state specific multi-turn contextual language understanding system reduce the expertise, time, and resources necessary to build a dialog-state specific multi-turn contextual language understanding system for an application when compared to systems and methods that require further input from the builder than necessary to build a single-shot language understanding system.

A method and a file format transformation system (FFTS) for transforming marked-up content in a first file format (FFF) to a second file format (SFF) that enables automated browser based pagination are provided. The FFTS reflows marked-up content of the FFF into a continuous page. The FFTS generates and appends tags to spaces and block elements identified in the reflown marked-up content of the FFF. For each space and block element, the FFTS determines and tags line breaks in the reflown marked-up content. For each line break, the FFTS identifies, tags, and positions anchored floats and footnotes on a current page based on space availability. The FFTS positions page breaks in the continuous page based on a configurable page height and the line breaks. The FFTS groups the marked-up content, inserts pagination elements and renders the grouped marked-up content in the SFF based on a selected level of reversibility.

A mapping is constructed between a node of a cultural hierarchy and a node of an organizational hierarchy. The cultural hierarchy is a data structure representing an arrangement of characteristics of different social levels relative to one another in a culture. The organizational hierarchy is a data structure representing an arrangement of characteristics of different roles of people relative to one another in a group. A set of cultural attributes is constructed to represent a persona of a human user according to mapping. Using a cultural attribute, an adjustment rule is selected from a library. A machine output is modified according to the adjustment rule. The machine output is in response to a dialog between a data processing system and human user in a machine-human interaction. The adjusted output is transformed and presented as a response to the human user in the machine-human interaction.

An electronic device and method for providing a translations service are disclosed. The electronic device for providing a translation service includes an input unit comprising input circuitry configured to receive input text of a first language, a processor configured to divide the input text into a main segment and a sub-segment and to generate output text of a second language by selecting translation candidate text corresponding to the input text from translation candidate text of the second language, based on a meaning of text included in the sub-segment, and an output unit comprising output circuitry configured to output the output text.

A method for read/write in a virtual or a sensing environment comprise receiving a request to read/write from the environment, determining a probe command associated with the request, building a system of symbols and operational rules to identify the language, recalling relevant instances with accuracy and measures, identifying invariants as patterns for associated form processing, enabling time-like or space-like read/write.

Technology for providing a translated content item containing medical terms is disclosed. In one example, a method is used for providing a translated content item and a plurality of actionable options. The method can include generating a base user knowledge level of medical terminology for a user and generating a translated content item having a plurality of translated medical terms, wherein the plurality of translated medical terms are generated based at least in part on the base user knowledge level. The method can further include generating a question to verify user understanding of the translated content item and updating the base user knowledge level of medical terminology based on a response to the question.

A computer implemented language interpretation/translation platform is provided. The computer implemented language interpretation/translation platform comprises a processor that receives a request from a mobile computing device for a voice-based language interpretation/translation session. Further, the processor determines a potential language interpreter/translator to perform language interpretation/translation based upon the request. In addition, the processor sends a non-voice augmented feature that is associated with the potential language interpreter/translator to the mobile computing device so that the mobile computing device renders the non-voice augmented feature on a display device of the mobile computing device. The processor also receives an indication from the mobile computing device that the potential language interpreter/translator is accepted by a user associated with the mobile computing device. Further, the processor establishes the voice-based language interpretation/translation session between the mobile device and a communication device associated with the potential language interpreter/translator.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and apparatus for processing a multi-language text. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the multi-language text including contents in a plurality of languages may be encoded with a Unicode. The method further comprises splitting the multi-language text into a plurality of parts based on the Unicode of the multi-language text, contents of the plurality of parts having different languages. In addition, the multi-language text may also be processed based on the plurality of parts.