An electrolytic cell for carbon dioxide of an embodiment includes: an anode part including an anode to oxidize water or a hydroxide ion and thus produce oxygen and an anode solution flow path to supply an anode solution to the anode; a cathode part including a cathode to reduce carbon dioxide and thus produce a carbon compound, a cathode solution flow path to supply a cathode solution to the cathode, and a liquid passing member disposed between the cathode and the cathode solution flow path and having a pore allowing the cathode solution to pass through while holding the cathode solution; and a separator to separate the anode part and the cathode part from each other.

A carbon dioxide reduction system comprises: an electrolytic unit including an electrolysis cell having a cathode to reduce a first substance containing carbon dioxide and thus produce a first product containing a carbon compound, and an anode to oxidize a second substance containing water or hydroxide ions and thus produce a second product containing oxygen, a detection unit to acquire data defining operation states of the electrolysis cell, and an electrolytic regulator to regulate electrolysis conditions of the electrolysis cell; a compression unit including a compressor to compress the first product, and a compressor regulator to regulate compression conditions of the first product by the compressor; and a controller programmed to predict a flow rate of the carbon compound discharged from the electrolysis cell in accordance with the data to control regulation of the compression conditions in accordance with the predicted flow rate.

An oxidation electrode in an embodiment includes: a conductive substrate made of a metal material including titanium, titanium alloy, or stainless steel; and an oxidation catalyst layer provided on the conductive substrate and made of a composite body containing nickel and iron. A bonding state of nickel and iron in the composite body containing nickel and iron is composed of Ni(OH).sub.2, NiOOH, and FeOOH.

A process for treating a dicarboxylic acid composition, with the proviso that the dicarboxylic acid is not furan 2,5-dicarboxylic acid, which process comprises: introducing a dicarboxylic acid composition, which dicarboxylic acid composition contains an impurity compound and which impurity compound is an organic compound comprising a carbonyl group, into a cathode compartment of an electrochemical cell; and electrochemically reducing the impurity compound in the cathode compartment.

Various embodiments include an electrolysis method comprising: applying a pulsed voltage or a pulsed current between an anode and a cathode; repeatedly measuring a respective current OCP at the cathode in a zero-current state relative to a reference system; and controlling the pulsed voltage or the pulsed current so a working potential of the cathode in the current-carrying state with respect to the reference system has a defined progression relative to the respective current OCP. The defined progression includes a first phase at a cathodic level and a second phase at an anodic level.

An electrochemical process and system for producing glucose are described. The process and system allow for the production of glucose from carbon dioxide and water, requiring only melanin, or a precursor, derivative, analog, or variant of melanin, and electromagnetic energy, such as visible or invisible light energy.

Cu-based nanostructures have excellent catalytic, electronic, and plasmonic performance due to their unique chemical and physical properties. A range of Cu materials including foil, spherical nanoparticles, nanowires, and nanocubes have been explored for catalyzing CO.sub.2 electroreduction. However, practical application of the CO.sub.2 electroreduction reaction requires Cu catalysts hold a high percentage of exposed surface atoms for improved product selectivity. The present disclosure describes a high temperature reduction method to prepare Cu nanosheets with size range from about 40 nm to about 13 m in a hydrophobic system. The purity of trioctyphosphine (TOP) plays an important role for shape-controlled synthesis of Cu nanosheets. The morphology evolution was investigated by adjusting the feeding molar ratio of TOP/Cu-tetradecylamine complex. The Cu nanosheets formed by the methods of the present disclosure have high surface area and stability in solution for more than three months. These Cu nanosheets have applications in reducing CO.sub.2 to fuels.

The present subject matter relates generally to the derivatization of highly-aligned carbon nanotube sheet substrates with one or more transition metal centers and to uses of the resulting metal-derivatized CNT sheet substrates.

According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction device includes: a solar cell; an electrolytic tank having a first tank storing a first solution including an oxidant and/or reductant of a redox medium and a second tank storing a second solution including water and/or proton; a first electrode set in the first tank, connected to a positive electrode of the solar cell through a first switching element, and connected to a negative electrode of the solar cell through a second switching element; and a second electrode set in the second tank, connected to the positive electrode of the solar cell through a third switching element, and connected to the negative electrode of the solar cell through a fourth switching element.

An electrolytic device of an embodiment has a solution or gas containing water and carbon dioxide, a first electrode oxidizing the water to produce oxygen, a second electrode and a third electrode reducing the carbon dioxide to produce a carbon compound, and a power supply applying current across the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. A composing material of the second electrode has an ionization tendency larger than a composing material of the third electrode. The third electrode mainly reduces the carbon dioxide to produce a first carbon compound, and the second electrode mainly reduces the first carbon compound to produce a second carbon compound.