A power source apparatus mounted to a vehicle is equipped with a lead-acid battery and a lithium battery. An open circuit voltage and an internal resistance of each of the batteries are determined to satisfy the following conditions (a1), (a2), and (a3): (a1) In the use range of SOC of the lead-acid battery and the use range of SOC of the lithium battery, there is an equal voltage point Vds at which the open circuit voltage V0 (Pb) of the lead-acid battery becomes equal to the open circuit voltage V0 (Li) of the lithium battery; (a2) The relationship of V0 (Li)>V0 (Pb) is satisfied in the upper limit side of the use range of SOC of the battery; and (a3) A terminal voltage Vc (Li) of the lithium battery is not more than a set voltage Vreg of a regulator when a maximum current flows in the lithium battery.

A motor vehicle electrical power distribution system includes a plurality of distribution sub-systems, an electrical power storage sub-system and a plurality of switching devices for selective connection of elements of and loads on the power distribution system to the electrical power storage sub-system. A state transition initiator provides inputs to control system operation of switching devices to change the states of the power distribution system. The state transition initiator has a plurality of positions selection of which can initiate a state transition. The state transition initiator can emulate a four position rotary ignition switch. Fail safe power cutoff switches provide high voltage switching device protection.

There is provided a cooling structure whose performance for cooling ring members and brushes is enhanced. In a cooling structure applied to a slip ring device including ring members provided to an input shaft and brushes contacting with these ring members, the input shaft includes a shaft member where an external spline portion is formed, and a cylindrical member that is installed over the external circumference of the shaft member so that an internal spline portion formed on the cylindrical member is meshed with the external spline portion, and that the ring members are fixed to the cylindrical member. The internal spline portion is formed upon a portion of the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical member that lies on the radially inward side of the ring members.

A charging device for a vehicle carries out timer charging in which the charging device is set in a standby state without charging until charging start time comes when the charging start time is set for a vehicle-mounted electrical storage device. The charging device for the vehicle includes a charger that charges the electrical storage device with electric power supplied from a device outside the vehicle, and an ECU that determines whether to carry out timer charging or carry out instant charging without carrying out the timer charging on the basis of a state of a switch associated with an open/close state of a charging lid, and that controls the charger. Desirably, a timer cancellation or determination switch is also used as a switch for detecting the open/close state of the lid or a switch for opening the lid.

A double-sided LCC compensation network and a tuning method are proposed for a wireless power transfer system. With the proposed topology, the resonant frequency is independent of coupling coefficient and load conditions. The parameter values are tuned to realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) for the sending side switches. A wireless charging system with up to 7.7 kW output power was designed and built using the proposed topology and achieved 96% efficiency from DC power source to battery load.

A voltage conversion control apparatus is a voltage conversion control apparatus which controls a voltage converter having an upper switching element and a lower switching element, and has a calculating device which calculates duty ratio such that output current of an electricity storage apparatus reaches target value and the duty ratio is within predetermined allowable range; a limit relaxing device which relaxes at least one of upper limit value and lower limit value of the allowable range on the basis of magnitude relationship between predetermined threshold value and current deviation which is obtained by subtracting the output current from the target value; and a controlling device which controls the upper switching element and the lower switching element to perform a switching control on the basis of the duty ratio which is calculated by the calculating device.

When the amount of charge of a temporary battery exceeds a predetermined amount of charge, a solar ECU31 constitutes a charge controller pumps up and boosts power stored in the battery collaborating with a solar charger of a power supply portion, and carries out pumping charge in a main electric storage. While the solar ECU31 carries out the pumping charge, the power supply portion solar charger supplies the generated power from an in-vehicle solar cell to solar ECU31 when the power generated by the in-vehicle solar cell is a predetermined power or less, and supplies the generated power from an in-vehicle solar cell to solar ECU31 and main battery when the power generated by the in-vehicle solar cell is larger than the predetermined power. Even where the pumping charge is being carried out, the power which the in-vehicle solar cell is continuously generating can be used without being discarded futilely.

A control device for a hybrid vehicle is, in the process of stopping an internal combustion engine of the vehicle, capable of making twist angle fluctuation reduction control and crank angle position control mutually compatible. When a request for stopping the internal combustion engine has been issued, twist angle fluctuation reduction control is implemented without implementing crank angle position control, until, in the process of bringing the engine to a stopped state, the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine drops below the resonant rotational speed region of the torsional damper; and, after the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine has dropped below the resonant rotational speed region of the torsional damper in the process of bringing the engine to a stopped state, crank angle position control is implemented without implementing twist angle fluctuation reduction control, until stopping of the internal combustion engine has been completed.

The present invention provides a riding work vehicle that includes a vehicle body having a driver seat; a driving wheel unit supporting the vehicle body; a working electric motor that drives a work unit having a work device; an electric motor controller controlling an operation of the working electric motor in a steady mode or a power saving mode in which consumed power is smaller than the steady mode; and a work load evaluator that evaluates load of the working electric motor. In the riding work vehicle, the electric motor controller operates the working electric motor in the power saving mode in a case where the load of the working electric motor evaluated by the work load evaluator is low load lower than a threshold value.

A method manages energy of a hybrid vehicle. The vehicle includes a heat engine, one or more electric traction motors, a high-voltage traction battery, a low-voltage on-board battery for accessories of the vehicle, a current inverter to transform direct currents into alternating currents for the electric motor, and a reversible current transformer to convert high-voltage current into low-voltage current of the on-board battery and to use a stock of energy available in the low-voltage battery to not draw energy from the high-voltage battery when it has a relatively low level of charge. The method includes determining an operating point of the vehicle involving a minimum fuel consumption in the heat engine by imposing on the electric motor a torque that minimizes a criterion of total fuel consumption by the consumption of the heat engine, power consumed in the traction battery, and power consumed in the on-board battery.