A dropped conductor sensor includes a housing installable on a first conductor; a sensor supported in the housing and configured to sense in real time at least one of an acceleration, a vibration, a tilt, a roll, or an angular displacement of the dropped conductor sensor; and an antenna in the housing, the antenna configured to transmit a signal including information sensed by the sensor away from the dropped conductor sensor in real time. A monitoring system including a dropped conductor sensor, and a method of monitoring a conductor using a dropped conductor sensor are also provided.

A test circuit performs fault detection tests on a motor branch circuit, to detect pre-existing faults before a motor start-up to pre-empt potential damage to the motor branch circuit therefrom. The test circuit is configured to be coupled to the phase lines of a motor branch circuit at a set of test points strategically located on the phase lines. The test circuit includes test lines that are each coupled to a different one of the phase lines at one of the set of test points. The test circuit includes a test controller that, during a test mode, sequentially presents a low voltage supply to each phase line through the test line coupled thereto, to test for ground faults then sequentially couples the low voltage supply across each possible pairing of the phase lines to test for line-to-line faults. The test mode can be initiated manually or automatically.

A smart cord reel cable including at least one sensor for measuring cord or cord reel usage, a memory for receiving sensor input to create usage records, and a processor for analyzing the usage records to provide information for maintenance status indication and/or usage analytics.

A device for detecting and potentially eradicating a leakage voltage from a water body comprises at least one wire sensor probe to receive the leakage voltage in the water body. The device comprises a voltage sensing circuit operable for receive the leakage voltage, and generate a voltage signal based on the leakage voltage. The device comprises a trigger circuit to receive the voltage signal, based on magnitude of the voltage signal being greater than a predefined threshold value. The trigger circuit activates an alarm circuit, and activates a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker, in response to activation of the circuit breaker, disconnects a power supply from the at least one voltage source immersed in the water body, thereby eradicating the leakage current from the water body if the leakage voltage is caused by the activated circuit breaker. The alarm circuit, in response to activation of the alarm circuit, alerts a human being about presence of the leakage voltage in the water body.

A circuit arrangement comprises a first terminal for connection to a voltage source, a second terminal for connection to a first current sink and a third terminal for supplying a potential signal. A first diode string can be connected to the voltage source on the anode side and to the first current sink on the cathode side. The third terminal can be coupled to the cathode side of the first diode string by a resistor. An adjustable reference current sink is coupled to the third terminal, for generating a reference current, and comparison unit coupled to the third terminal on the input side for providing a short-circuit detection signal in dependence on a difference between the potential signal and an adjustable reference voltage. The potential signal can be supplied in dependence on a first short-circuit voltage across the first diode string and in dependence on the reference current.

The invention relates to a method for monitoring an on-load tap changer that is used to switch between winding taps of a tapped transformer without interrupting the load current and is actuated using a motor drive. According to the invention, prior to the actual load switching process, the on-load tap changer is initially moved a short distance, preferably against the direction in which the load is subsequently switched. In said initial process, it is verified whether the on-load tap changer has moved, i.e. has left its previous stationary position, and/or whether the torque on the motor drive has exceeded a predefined threshold value. The actual load switching process takes place only once the test has yielded a positive result.

A method analyzes a fault of an ungrounded power distribution system. The method determines a type of a fault in a line segment of the ungrounded power distribution system, and modifies a nodal admittance matrix of the line segment determined before the fault using a transformation matrix corresponding to the type of the fault to produce a faulty nodal admittance matrix of the line segment after the fault. The ungrounded power distribution system is analyzed using the faulty nodal admittance matrix and nodal admittance matrices of functional branches or line segments of the power distribution system.

A method for detecting a wiring fault in a capacitive sensor (1), such as a knock sensor, connected, via a passive acquisition interface (5), to a communication port (P1), that can be configured in either input mode or output mode, of a computer (2), wherein the communication port (P1) is configured in output mode, and a square wave voltage Vn capable of at least partially charging the capacitors (C6, C7, C8a, C8b, C10) of the acquisition interface (5) and the capacitive sensor (1) is generated during a time interval Tc, after which the communication port is switched to its input mode, so that at least one data element representative of the voltage of the capacitors and of the capacitive sensor is acquired, and finally these data are compared with previously stored reference data so that a wiring fault can be deduced if there is no matching between the data.

According to the present disclosure, there are provided a method of determining which one of first and second input signals Rez+ and Rez− is shorted to ground based on a magnitude of a Lissajous signal, a method of determining which one of first and third output signals S.sub.1 and S.sub.3 is shorted to any one of the first and second input signals Rez+ and Rez− based on an average magnitude value of the third output signal S.sub.3, and a method of determining which one of second and fourth output signals S.sub.2 and S.sub.4 is shorted to the first input signal Rez+ based on an average magnitude value of the fourth output signal S.sub.4.

The present disclosure relates to systems, apparatuses, and methods for assembling cartridges for aerosol delivery devices. The cartridges may be assembled by transporting carriages between various substations at which parts are added to a base. In another assembly method, the base may be moved between a plurality of robots which direct the base downwardly into contact with components to couple the components therewith. An inspection system may inspect the cartridges at various stages of completion.