A DC/DC converter is driven when an inter-terminal voltage of a low-voltage battery is lower than a determination voltage and an engine is started when the inter-terminal voltage becomes lower than a determination voltage during the driving of the DC/DC converter so that an alternator is driven at a predetermined driving point at which the alternator can he efficiently driven and the DC/DC converter is controlled such that the inter-terminal voltage of the low-voltage battery becomes a rated voltage. Energy efficiency can be improved since the alternator is efficiently driven.

The present disclosure provides an example motor system. The motor system includes a steering motor with a first rotor positioned within a first stator. The steering motor is configured to rotate the first rotor about a steering axis. The motor system also includes a traction motor including a second stator positioned within a second rotor. The second rotor includes a traction surface defining a wheel. The traction motor is configured to rotate the second rotor about a rolling axis, and the traction motor is positioned within an opening in the first rotor. The motor system also includes an axle positioned coaxial to the second rotor and coupled to the first rotor such that the traction motor rotates about the steering axis as the steering motor rotates the first rotor about the steering axis.

A method of operating a personal transporter includes mounting the personal transporter. A torque stick apparatus having a rotating wheel is provided. The wheel of the torque stick apparatus is positioned against a drive surface to drive the personal transporter across a transport surface.

A motor driving control apparatus in embodiments includes: a first signal generator to generate a first signal representing any one rotation angle section of plural rotation angle sections according to a sensor signal that changes every predetermined rotation angle of a rotor; a measurement unit to measure a period of each of the rotation angle sections; a prediction unit to predict a period of a next rotation section based on one or plural measured rotation angle sections; a second signal generator to generate a second signal representing a relative rotation angle of the rotor in the next rotation angle section for each period obtained by dividing the predicted period by a predetermined number; and a third signal generator to generate a third signal corresponding to a rotation angle of the rotor based on the first and second signals.

A driving control apparatus includes a controller that generates a first signal for controlling turn-on to a brushless motor, a PWM signal generator that generates a PWM signal for driving the brushless motor by continuous turn-on with a sine wave, and an inverter that supplies a driving voltage generated based on the first signal and the PWM signal for the brushless motor. The controller generates the first signal so that a turn-on section represented by the first signal continuously increases from a reference turn-on angle according to increase of a rotation speed, and the turn-on section having an angle corresponding to the continuous turn-on is kept when the rotation speed is equal to or greater than a predetermined speed. The PWM signal generator outputs the PWM signal in a range including a rotation speed at which the turn-on section begins to increase from the reference turn-on angle and more.

The present disclosure provides an example motor system. The motor system includes a steering motor with a first rotor positioned within a first stator. The steering motor is configured to rotate the first rotor about a steering axis. The motor system also includes a traction motor including a second stator positioned within a second rotor. The second rotor includes a traction surface defining a wheel. The traction motor is configured to rotate the second rotor about a rolling axis, and the traction motor is positioned within an opening in the first rotor. The motor system also includes an axle positioned coaxial to the second rotor and coupled to the first rotor such that the traction motor rotates about the steering axis as the steering motor rotates the first rotor about the steering axis.

The present disclosure provides an example motor system. The motor system includes a steering motor with a first rotor positioned within a first stator. The steering motor is configured to rotate the first rotor about a steering axis. The motor system also includes a traction motor including a second stator positioned within a second rotor. The second rotor includes a traction surface defining a wheel. The traction motor is configured to rotate the second rotor about a rolling axis, and the traction motor is positioned within an opening in the first rotor. The motor system also includes an axle positioned coaxial to the second rotor and coupled to the first rotor such that the traction motor rotates about the steering axis as the steering motor rotates the first rotor about the steering axis.

An electric powered vehicle includes a battery pack capable of storing electric energy, A fuel engine operated with a clean fuel. A generator or alternator 126 having communication with the engine, and supply electric energy to the electric driving motor A starter of the fuel engine activates when a sensed charge of the battery pack falls to or below the DMF value. Included is a second 128 and third generator or alternator 130 in communication with the fuel engine during periods when no electrical communication exists between the EDM and the battery pack. The second and third generators maintain an electrical output to the battery pack until the battery packs are fully charged. Included is a rear generator or alternator 152 in communication with a rear drive shaft assembly, or differential, including a level orientation sensor and a rotational velocity sensor communication between an output of such communication enabled upon any downhill motion of the vehicle above a predetermined operational velocity determined by the velocity sensor. A second rear generator 156 is controlled by an accelerator pedal, rpm sensor, electric clutch and is activated when no pressure is applied by a driver upon the accelerator pedal, permitting charging of the battery pack by the second rear generator 156 only upon a condition of zero acceleration. A third rear generator 300 is activated by the brake pedal and brake pedal switch does charge the battery packs 102/104.

An apparatus of the subject technology comprises a battery pack configured to provide power for an electrical vehicle (EV), and a motor powered by a fuel supplied by a fuel tank and configured to provide mechanical power for one or more electrical machines. The one or more electrical machines are configured to generate a direct current (DC) voltage for keeping the battery pack fully charged, and the battery pack, the motor and the one or more electrical machines are enclosed in a battery-system enclosure.