A photovoltaic cell is provided that enables cost reduction and stable operation with a simple configuration and enhances conversion efficiency by a new technology of forming an energy level in a band gap. In the photovoltaic cell, a substrate, a conductive first electrode, an electromotive force layer, a p-type semiconductor layer, and a conductive second electrode are laminated, electromotive force is generated by photoexciting the electron in the band gap of the electromotive force layer by light irradiation, the electromotive force layer is filled with an n-type metal oxide semiconductor of fine particles coated by an insulating coat, a new energy level is formed in a band gap by photoexcited structural change caused by ultraviolet irradiation, and efficient and stable operation can be performed by providing a layer of an n-type metal oxide semiconductor between the first electrode and the electromotive force layer.

The invention provides a flexible transparent solar cell and a production process of the same, and belongs to the technical field of solar cell. The flexible transparent solar cell comprises: a flexible transparent substrate, a transparent front-electrode, a cell unit, a transparent back-electrode and a transparent encapsulating layer, which are disposed in this order; the transparent front-electrode comprising a metallic grid thin film layer and a graphene layer; and the transparent back-electrode comprising a nano metal layer and a graphene layer. The invention can be used in production of flexible transparent solar cell, in order to improve conductivity and transparency of solar cells.

Discussed is a solar cell including a single crystalline semiconductor substrate having a first transparent conductive oxide layer positioned on a non-single crystalline emitter layer; a second transparent conductive oxide layer positioned over a rear surface of the single crystalline semiconductor substrate; a first electrode part including a first seed layer directly positioned on the first transparent conductive oxide layer; and a second electrode part including a second seed layer directly positioned on the second transparent conductive oxide layer, wherein the first transparent conductive oxide layer and the first seed layer have different conductivities, and wherein the second transparent conductive oxide layer and the second seed layer have different conductivities.

An electrical contact structure (10) for a semiconductor component (100) is specified, comprising a transparent electrically conductive contact layer (1), on which a first metallic contact layer (2) is applied, a second metallic contact layer (3), which completely covers the first metallic contact layer (2), and a separating layer (4), which is arranged between the transparent electrically conductive contact layer (1) and the second metallic contact layer (3) and which separates the second metallic contact layer (3) from the transparent electrically conductive contact layer (1).

Furthermore, a semiconductor component (100) comprising a contact structure (10) is specified.

A solar cell is provided with an electrode layer on a photovoltaic conversion section including a crystalline silicon substrate. Deposition of the electrode layer is performed by a deposit-up method with a substrate being mounted in such a manner that an opening edge portion of a mask plate having an opening is in contact with the substrate. The opening edge portion of the mask plate has a tapered surface at a part that is in contact with first principal surface of the substrate, the tapered surface conforming to a deflection angle at a peripheral end of the substrate. A solar cell having a large effective area can be prepared by suppressing deposition of electrode layer on mask-covered region due to penetration.

A sample transfer system includes a sample-mounting member mounting a sample thereonto; and a sample-moving device lifting the sample to move the sample between the sample-mounting member and another location, wherein the sample-mounting member comprises: a first predetermined sample-mounting region mounting the sample; and a recessed part on or around a side of the first predetermined sample-mounting region, wherein the sample-moving device comprises a first sample-holding device, the first sample-holding device comprising: a sample-holding surface facing the sample to be lifted; a first contact member contacting with part of the sample; and a movement mechanism moving the first contact member in a direction along the sample-holding surface, and wherein part of the contact member enters the recessed part when the first sample-holding device is brought in proximity to the first predetermined sample-mounting region, the part of the contact member moving within the recessed part by operating the movement mechanism.

Disclosed is a manganese tin oxide-based transparent conducting oxide (TCO) with an optimized composition, which has low surface roughness, low sheet resistance and high transmittance even when deposited at room temperature, a multilayer transparent conductive film using the same and a method for fabricating the same. The manganese tin oxide-based transparent conducting oxide has a composition of Mn.sub.xSn.sub.1-xO (0<x0.055), and the multilayer transparent conductive film includes: a manganese tin oxide-based transparent conducting oxide having a composition of Mn.sub.xSn.sub.1-xO (0<x0.055); a metal thin film deposited on the manganese tin oxide-based transparent conducting oxide; and a manganese tin oxide-based transparent conducting oxide having a composition of Mn.sub.xSn.sub.1-xO (0<x0.055) deposited on the metal thin film.

The present specification relates to a conductive structure body and a method for manufacturing the same.

In one embodiment, a method is provided for fabrication of a semitransparent conductive mesh. A first solution having conductive nanowires suspended therein and a second solution having nanoparticles suspended therein are sprayed toward a substrate, the spraying forming a mist. The mist is processed, while on the substrate, to provide a semitransparent conductive material in the form of a mesh having the conductive nanowires and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are configured and arranged to direct light passing through the mesh. Connections between the nanowires provide conductivity through the mesh.

A method of increasing a work function of an electrode is provided. The method comprises obtaining an electronegative species from a precursor using electromagnetic radiation and reacting a surface of the electrode with the electronegative species. An electrode comprising a functionalized substrate is also provided.