A displacement sensor having a rectangular shaped elastic member. A piezoelectric element is attached to a first main face of the elastic member. The piezoelectric element has a rectangular-shaped piezoelectric sheet and electrodes on both main faces of the piezoelectric sheet. The piezoelectric sheet is made of poly-L-lactic acid and is at least uniaxially-stretched. The piezoelectric element is attached so that the uniaxial-stretching direction of the piezoelectric sheet is 45° relative to a long-side direction of the elastic member. When the elastic member is bent along the long-side direction, the piezoelectric sheet is stretched along the long-side direction, and the piezoelectric element generates voltage of predetermined level.

Provided is an apparatus comprising a conductive particle interconnect (CPI). The CPI includes an elastomeric carrier and a plurality of conductive particles dispersed therein. The elastomeric carrier includes an electroactive polymer (EAP) configured to move between a first position and a second position in response to an electrical field. The CPI is configured to exhibit a first electrical resistance when the EAP is in the first position and a second electrical resistance when the EAP is in the second position. The apparatus further comprises one or more electrodes electrically coupled to the CPI. The electrodes are configured to generate the electrical field within the CPI. The apparatus further comprises one or more insulators coupled to the CPI. The one or more insulators are configured to constrain expansion of the CPI in at least one direction.

Provided is an apparatus comprising a conductive particle interconnect (CPI) and an electroactive polymer (EAP) structure. The CPI includes an elastomeric carrier and a plurality of conductive particles dispersed therein. The EAP structure is disposed around at least a portion of the CPI. The EAP structure is configured to move between a first position and a second position in response to an electrical field. The CPI is configured to exhibit a first electrical resistance when the EAP structure is in the first position and a second, different electrical resistance when the EAP structure is in the second position.

It is disclosed a composite yarn structure (10) comprising: —a first element (15) comprising a coaxial flexible bi-component monofilament including a conductive component (20) and a thermoplastic component (30) exhibiting piezoelectric properties, —at least a second element (40) twisted around the first element (15), wherein the second element (40) has a lower elasticity with respect to the elasticity of the first element (15) such that, upon elongation of the yarn structure (10) in a first direction, the yarn structure (10) expands in a second direction, whereby the dimensions of the yarn are increased both in first and second directions to generate an additional force on said piezoelectric component of the first element.

A film comprising a piezoelectric polymer has an upper surface and a lower surface. The film has an active region comprising the piezoelectric polymer, which extends from the upper surface of the film to the lower surface of the film. The film also comprises an adhesive sheet, which defines part of the upper or lower surface of the film. Circuit sheets may be bonded to the upper and lower surfaces in a lamination process to produce a laminated piezoelectric device.

The invention provides a piezoelectric electromagnetic combined energy harvester based on parallel mechanism. The harvester includes fixed bracket, three groups of motion branches and movable bracket. The movable bracket includes bottom platform, the bottom platform support frame and the bottom platform connector. The invention realizes multi-direction telescopic motion, and the magnetic flux of the coil is constantly changing, generating induced electromotive force. The vibration of piezoelectric beam causes the polarization of piezoelectric material and produces the output voltage. The invention uses parallel mechanism to introduce twelve piezoelectric beams, twelve permanent magnets and twenty-four coils in a small working space. The limited working space is fully utilized, and the combined working mode of piezoelectric energy collection technology and electromagnetic energy collection technology is adopted to make the overall power generation effect better, improve the power generation, and broaden the effective working bandwidth.

A piezoelectric substrate attachment structure including a cable-shaped piezoelectric substrate, a press section provided adjacent to the piezoelectric substrate and pressed from an opposite side from the piezoelectric substrate, and a base section provided adjacent to the piezoelectric substrate on an opposite side from the press section. A ratio Eb/Ea of a Young's modulus Eb of the base section to a Young's modulus Ea of the press section being 10.sup.−1 or lower.

An actuator includes a laminate including an elastomer layer and an electrode, in which the laminate has a spiral or concentric shape, pre-distortion is applied to at least one member out of the elastomer layer and the electrode, and area distortion of the at least one member is 10% or larger.

A display apparatus includes a display panel configured to display an image and a sound generating device on a rear surface of the display panel. The sound generating device is configured to vibrate the display panel to generate sound. The sound generating device includes a first structure and a first passivation layer on one side of the first structure, at least a portion of the first passivation layer having a non-flat shape.

In one embodiment, an electroactive material includes a piezoelectric polymer substrate and a conducting polymer coating provided on the substrate.