Various approaches to imaging involve selecting directional and spatial resolution. According to an example embodiment, images are computed using an imaging arrangement to facilitate selective directional and spatial aspects of the detection and processing of light data. Light passed through a main lens is directed to photosensors via a plurality of microlenses. The separation between the microlenses and photosensors is set to facilitate directional and/or spatial resolution in recorded light data, and facilitating refocusing power and/or image resolution in images computed from the recorded light data. In one implementation, the separation is varied between zero and one focal length of the microlenses to respectively facilitate spatial and directional resolution (with increasing directional resolution, hence refocusing power, as the separation approaches one focal length).

Systems and methods for detecting defective camera arrays, optic arrays and/or sensors are described. One embodiment includes capturing image data using a camera array; dividing the captured images into a plurality of corresponding image regions; identifying the presence of localized defects in any of the cameras by evaluating the image regions in the captured images; and detecting a defective camera array using the image processing system when the number of localized defects in a specific set of image regions exceeds a predetermined threshold, where the specific set of image regions is formed by: a common corresponding image region from at least a subset of the captured images; and any additional image region in a given image that contains at least one pixel located within a predetermined maximum parallax shift distance along an epipolar line from a pixel within said common corresponding image region within the given image.

A camera device includes image capturing device, a lens cleaning device, an adhesion state assessment unit and a controller. The image capturing device is installed on a vehicle and has a lens for forming an image of the vehicle surroundings. The lens cleaning device cleans the lens by spraying a cleaning fluid on the lens in accordance with a predetermined lens cleaning step, in which at least a supply time for supplying cleaning fluid to the lens surface is predetermined. The adhesion state assessment unit is programmed to assess an adhesion state of contamination from a distribution of pixels corresponding to foreign matter adhered to the lens based on a captured image. The controller is programmed to extend the time until a time to start supplying the cleaning fluid in the lens cleaning step as the number of pixels corresponding to foreign matter adhered to the lens increases.

A restoration filter generation device that generates a restoration filter to perform restoration processing on luminance system image data that is image data related to luminance, which is generated based on image data of respective colors of multiple colors obtained by an imaging device having an optical system, includes an information acquisition device acquiring transfer function information corresponding to point image distribution in the optical system, for each color of the multiple colors, and a restoration filter generation device generating the restoration filter based on the transfer function information acquired by the information acquisition device and generating the restoration filter that performs phase correction of the luminance system image data according to the transfer function information on a single color of the multiple colors.

An air passage and two lines of cleaning liquid paths are provided in a nozzle, and the air passage is bifurcated into two lines of distal end portions. Then, a distal end portion of the cleaning liquid path and the distal end portion of the air passage are merged. Thus, if the compressed air is supplied to the air passage, the resulting air flow causes a negative pressure on the downstream side. This enables making a cleaning liquid into the form of a mist and suctioning it, and to mix the cleaning liquid in the form of a mist with the compressed air, whereby it is possible to clean the lens surface and to reduce the amount of the cleaning liquid used.

An imaging device further includes a correction gain calculating unit configured to calculate a first correction gain of a first partial image captured by the first imaging element and calculate a second correction gain of a second partial image captured by the second imaging element based on the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount; a photographing processing unit configured to make an imaging element having a smaller one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with an exposure amount of the imaging element and makes an imaging element having a larger one of the first exposure amount and the second exposure amount image with the third exposure amount; and an image correction unit configured to correct the first partial image with the first correction gain and correct the second partial image with the second correction gain calculated by the correction gain calculating unit.

Noise is sufficiently reduced in a moving image. A determination section determines, each time an input image is input, whether a change amount of a pixel value distribution in the input image and an output image that is output is smaller than a predetermined threshold value. A mixing ratio supply section supplies a value that becomes larger as the number of times the change amount is sequentially determined to be smaller than the predetermined threshold value becomes larger, the value serving as a mixing ratio of the output image in mixing of the input image and the output image. A mixing section mixes, each time the input image is input, the input image and the output image based on the supplied mixing ratio and outputs the input image and the output image to serve as a new output image.

A spectroscopic analysis apparatus includes a light source section having a first light source and second light source that radiate light fluxes, a wavelength tunable interference filter, an imaging section that captures light having passed through the wavelength tunable interference filter to acquire a first spectroscopic image when the object being imaged is irradiated with the light from the first light source and a second spectroscopic image when the object being imaged is irradiated with the light from the second light source, a pixel detector that detects an abnormal pixel in the first spectroscopic image, and a light amount corrector that replaces the amount of light at the abnormal pixel in the first spectroscopic image with the amount of light at a pixel in the second spectroscopic image that is located in the same position as the abnormal pixel.

In an embodiment, a computer-implemented method of calibrating an imaging system in real-time, comprising: obtaining a first reading by a first sensor; establishing a dynamic link between the first reading and exposure time of a second sensor; using the dynamic link to control the exposure time of the second sensor; obtaining a second reading by the second sensor during the controlled exposure time; wherein the steps are performed by one or more computing devices.

Systems and methods for performing photometric normalization in an array camera in accordance with embodiments of this invention are disclosed. The image data of scene from a reference imaging component and alternate imaging components is received. The image data from each of the alternate imaging components is then translated to so that pixel information in the image data of each alternate imaging component corresponds to pixel information in the image data of the reference component. The shifted image data of each alternate imaging component is compared to the image data of the reference imaging component to determine gain and offset parameters for each alternate imaging component. The gain and offset parameters of each alternate imaging component is then applied to the image data of the associate imaging to generate corrected image data for each of the alternate imaging components.