A method of determining the bandwidth of a link carrying a plurality of data streams between a plurality of sources and a plurality of destinations in a network, the method including sending data packets from a first data stream over the link from one source to one destination at a first transmission rate, and measuring an associated first packet loss rate; sending further data packets from the first data stream over the link from the one source to the one destination at a second transmission rate, and measuring an associated second packet loss rate; and determining the bandwidth of the link in dependence on the first and second packet loss rates and the first and second transmission rates.

A receiver-directed congestion control system which provides receiver-directed apportioning by adding a bandwidth share indicator value to the acknowledgement messages sent by the receiver to the senders. In certain embodiments, bandwidth share indicator value comprises the number of senders seen by the receiver. In other embodiments, the bandwidth share indicator value may comprise a percentage bandwidth share allocated to the sender computer to allow for varying priorities between senders. In the acknowledgement message, each sender may also include the incast degree, which is programmed in the application, to the receiver. This strategy enables the receiver to send back the sender count to all the senders as soon the first sender's packets arrive, even before the rest of the senders' packets arrive. Thus, the sender count and the incast degree look-ahead enable the receiver-directed system to achieve accurate and faster convergence of sending rates, without any repeated adjustments.

There is provided mechanisms for decoding a media stream. A method is performed by a packet receiver. The method comprises receiving packets. The packets have been transmitted by a packet transmitter. The packets define the media stream and each packet comprises encoded media. The method comprises decoding the encoded media into at least a first decoded version and a second decoded version. For the first decoded version only a subset of the packets decoded for the second decoded version are decoded. The subset includes only those of the packets that are received within a first threshold time delay from having been transmitted by the packet transmitter.

According to an embodiment, a notification control device includes a memory and one or more hardware processors configured to function as a determination unit and a notification unit. The determination unit is configured to determine, using notification control information set according to a priority of a frame, whether to notify of completion notification indicating completion of processing of the frame. The notification unit is configured to notify the completion notification when it is determined to notify of the completion notification.

Example packet control methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes detecting a packet flow causing a congestion status change. A congestion isolation message is generated and is used to change a priority of a packet in the packet flow. The congestion isolation message includes description information of the packet flow. The congestion isolation message is sent to at least one node.

A method comprises establishing a packet size limit. The packet size limit may govern the maximum permitted size of packets that are transmitted between a first node and a second node of a network. The method also comprises monitoring a buffer of the second node in the network. The method also comprises determining, based on the monitoring, that the buffer of the second node is filled above an upper capacity threshold. The method also comprises increasing, based on the determining, the first packet size limit.

A method for fetching a content from a web server to a client device is disclosed, using tunnel devices serving as intermediate devices. The tunnel device is selected based on an attribute, such as IP Geolocation. A tunnel bank server stores a list of available tunnels that may be used, associated with values of various attribute types. The tunnel devices initiate communication with the tunnel bank server, and stays connected to it, for allowing a communication session initiated by the tunnel bank server. Upon receiving a request from a client to a content and for specific attribute types and values, a tunnel is selected by the tunnel bank server, and is used as a tunnel for retrieving the required content from the web server, using standard protocol such as SOCKS, WebSocket or HTTP Proxy. The client only communicates with a super proxy server that manages the content fetching scheme.

The technologies described herein are generally directed toward shedding processing loads associated with route updates. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor and a memory that can enable operations facilitating performance of operations including facilitating receiving, from a second routing device via a network, a communication. The operations can further comprise, in response to a queueing delay being determined to be less than a threshold, queueing, in the queue, the communication for a third routing device selected according to a first selection process as being on a route to a destination routing device for the communication. Further, operations to, in response to the queueing delay of the queue being determined to be equal to or above the threshold, transmit the communication to a fourth routing device, with the fourth routing device being selected according to a second selection process different than the first selection process.

An aspect of the present disclosure discloses a method for diagnosing a network performance in an apparatus for diagnosing network performance connected to a switching device provided between a first entity and a second entity. The method may include: obtaining at least one mirrored packet for at least one packet transmitted between the first entity and the second entity based on mirroring from the switching device, calculating performance related indicator representing performance of a network service associated with the first entity and the second entity based on at least a part of information included in the at least one mirrored packet, and storing the calculated performance related indicators.

A MANET protocol, comprising: receiving a data packet (DP) from a current sender (CS) by a recipient, defining: an identity of the CS, a prior sender (PS) from which CS received DP, and a target recipient (ID), a count (HC) of hops previously traversed by DP, and a sequence identifier (SI); updating a forwarding table (FT) to mark CS as being reachable in one hop, and PS as being reachable in two hops via CS as next hop; determining if ID is the recipient; determining whether to rebroadcast by recipient, if and only if the SI is not present in a list of prior SIs; and selectively rebroadcasting DP by recipient in dependence on said determining, modified by: replacement of CS with an identity of the recipient, PS with CS, and ID with a next hop from the FT if present, and incrementing HC.