The present invention relates to glycosylated YghJ polypeptides from or derived from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) that are immunogenic. In particular, the present invention relates to compositions or vaccines comprising the polypeptides and their application in immunization, vaccination, treatment and diagnosis of ETEC.

A method of forming an immunomodulatory implant operatively arranged to chemotactically facilitate bone morphogenesis, the method including forming a matrix of a first material, the matrix including an outer surface, and a plurality of pores, and applying an antigen to the matrix, wherein the antigen including at least one of a bacterial antigen or a viral antigen.

Provided is a composition and method for delivery of bioactive agents to a cell or a subject. The composition includes nucleic acids derived from plants and the bioactive agents, and the nucleic acids are crossed linked by a cross-linking agent. Such composition is non-toxic, biocompatible and target specific. A method of making the composition is also provided.

Provided herein are polypeptides comprising up to 9 antigenic elements of ETEC virulence determinants: 7 CFA adhesins [CFA/I, CFA/II (CS1, CS2, CS3), CFA/IV (CS4, CS5, CS6)] expressed by the most prevalent and virulent ETEC strains, and 2 toxins expressed by all ETEC strains, were genetically fused together for CFA-toxoid fusion with proteins (CFA/I/II/IV-STa.sub.toxoid-LT.sub.toxoid). Methods for making these polypeptides and their use in the treatment of ETEC related disease are also provided.

Methods of producing bioconjugates of O-antigen polysaccharides covalently linked to a carrier protein using recombinant host cells are provided. The recombinant host cells used in the methods described herein encode a particular oligosaccharyl transferase enzyme depending on the O-antigen polysaccharide bioconjugate to be produced. The oligosaccharyl transferase enzymes can be PglB oligosaccharyl transferase or variants thereof. Also provided are compositions containing the bioconjugates, and methods of using the bioconjugates and compositions described herein to vaccinate a subject against extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli. (ExPEC).

Methods of producing a pathogen with reduced replicative fitness are disclosed, as are attenuated pathogens produced using the methods. In particular examples, the method includes deoptimizing one or more codons in a coding sequence, thereby reducing the replicative fitness of the pathogen. Methods of using the attenuated pathogens as immunogenic compositions are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a modified mRNA that is stabilised by sequence modifications and optimised for translation. The pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is particularly well suited for use as an inoculating agent, as well as a therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration. In addition, a process is described for determining sequence modifications that promote stabilisation and translational efficiency of modified mRNA of the invention.

The invention discloses a method for producing a single bacterial strain culture of Histomonas meleagridis (H. meleagridis), the method being characterized by the following steps: (a) providing a xenic culture of H. meleagridis comprising H. meleagridis cells with a wild type bacterial flora, (b) treating the xenic culture with a mixture of antibiotics thereby killing the wild type bacterial flora, (c) centrifuging and washing the H. meleagridis cells, (d) controlling effectiveness of step (b), (e) resuspending the washed H. meleagridis cells, (f) adding one or more single bacterial strain (s) to the resuspended H. meleagridis cells, and (g) culturing the one or more single bacterial strain (s) with the resuspended H. meleagridis cells so as to obtain a single bacterial strain culture of H. meleagridis. The invention further discloses a vaccine formulation consisting of a Histomonas component consisting of an attenuated culture of Histomonas meleagridis, a bacterial component consisting of one or more cultures of a single bacterial strain, and pharmaceutically acceptable non-biological formulation compounds.

Two-component vaccine formulations and methods are contemplated where the vaccine has an adjuvant component and a therapeutic component. The therapeutic component comprises preferably a recombinant therapeutic virus encoding a therapeutic antigen while the adjuvant component comprises a non-host cell or immune stimulating portion thereof. Notably, use of the adjuvant component will result in significant uptake of the therapeutic component into immune competent cells, even in the absence of receptors for entry of the therapeutic component. In addition, such adjuvant also stimulates expression of the therapeutic antigen.

This disclosure provides a new vaccine composition and methods for its use. The composition contains an effective amount of each of: an aluminum hydroxide, a mono-phosphoryl lipid (MPL), and a whole glucan particles (WGP) but no an antigen that raises an immune response against a bacterial or fungal infection.