Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a thin-film solar cell and a bottom cell stacked in a first direction. The bottom cell has a stacked structure in the first direction including: a transparent conductive layer, a first doped conductive layer, an intrinsic amorphous silicon layer, a substrate, a selective passivation layer, and one or more electrodes. The selective passivation layer covers a portion of a surface of the substrate away from the intrinsic amorphous silicon layer and includes a plurality of passivation contact structures arranged at intervals in a second direction. Each passivation contact structure includes a tunneling layer and a second doped conductive layer stacked in the first direction. The electrodes are formed on a surface of the selective passivation layer away from the substrate and are in ohmic contact with second doped conductive layers.

According to one embodiment, a solar cell including a transparent first electrode, an n-type layer, a light absorption layer that contains an inorganic material, and a second electrode is provided. The n-type layer is present between the first electrode and the light absorption layer. The light absorption layer is present between the n-type layer and the second electrode. The first electrode has a gap penetrating the first electrode. The n-type layer, the light absorption layer, and the second electrode are each partially included in the gap, and a part of the n-type layer, a part of the light absorption layer, and a part of the second electrode are arranged in this order in the gap.

According to one embodiment, a solar cell including a transparent first electrode, an n-type layer, a light absorption layer that contains an inorganic material, and a second electrode is provided. The n-type layer is present between the first electrode and the light absorption layer. The light absorption layer is present between the n-type layer and the second electrode. The first electrode has a gap penetrating the first electrode. The n-type layer, the light absorption layer, and the second electrode are each partially included in the gap, and a part of the n-type layer, a part of the light absorption layer, and a part of the second electrode are arranged in this order in the gap.

A method for manufacturing a two terminal or three terminal tandem solar cell with a silicon-based bottom solar cell and a thin-film top solar cell involving: providing a silicon substrate with a front surface and a rear surface, carrying out a sequence of steps including: creating on the front surface a carrier extracting layer stack with at least a carrier extracting layer formed on or in the front surface of the substrate, creating on the rear surface a passivating coating layer with deposition of a first AlO.sub.x layer, creating sacrificial layer stack with a second AlO.sub.x layer on the carrier extracting layer stack on the front surface; creating metal-based electrical contacts on the rear surface, including an annealing step; removing the sacrificial layer stack from the carrier extracting layer stack, and creating the thin film top solar cell on the carrier extracting layer stack.

A method for manufacturing a two terminal or three terminal tandem solar cell with a silicon-based bottom solar cell and a thin-film top solar cell involving: providing a silicon substrate with a front surface and a rear surface, carrying out a sequence of steps including: creating on the front surface a carrier extracting layer stack with at least a carrier extracting layer formed on or in the front surface of the substrate, creating on the rear surface a passivating coating layer with deposition of a first AlO.sub.x layer, creating sacrificial layer stack with a second AlO.sub.x layer on the carrier extracting layer stack on the front surface; creating metal-based electrical contacts on the rear surface, including an annealing step; removing the sacrificial layer stack from the carrier extracting layer stack, and creating the thin film top solar cell on the carrier extracting layer stack.