Reactive oxygen species formulations as well as methods for making and using such formulations. Reactive oxygen species formulations comprising one or more parent oxidants, such as peroxides, or peroxyacids, and one or more reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formulations optionally contain in addition one or more reactive species other than ROS. The reactive oxygen species and other reactive species when present provide chemical reactivity, oxidative activity and/or antimicrobial activity not provided otherwise by the parent oxidant. The invention provides methods for making such formulation and applications of such formulations. In certain formulations, ROS and other reactive species are generated in situ in the formulation by an activation event, such as a change in pH to an activation pH, a change in temperature, irradiation with electromagnetic radiation or by the addition of one or more precursors or a combination of precursors. In certain formulations, peracid containing precursors are activated by adjusting the pH of the formulation to be within an activation pH range for generation of singlet oxygen. In other formulations, formulations containing peracid and superoxide also evolve singlet oxygen. Formulations containing different combinations of ROS exhibit differences in oxidation activity and antimicrobial activity.

An electrolytic ozone generator for use with a faucet and methods for assembling and using the same.

A differential pressure type high pressure water electrolysis apparatus includes a seal member, which is sandwiched between a cathode side separator and a membrane electrode assembly, and surrounds a cathode electrode catalyst layer, and a pressure resistant member surrounding the seal member from an outer side thereof. A surface pressure applying member is interposed between the seal member and the pressure resistant member. The surface pressure applying member receives a pressing force from the seal member, and applies pressure to the membrane electrode assembly.

A device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte between the electrodes. The first electrode and the second electrode may comprise a metallic phase that does not contain a platinum group metal when the device is in use, and where the electrolyte is solid state and is oxide ion conducting.

A method of electrochemically reducing CO.sub.2 comprises introducing a first feed stream comprising H.sub.2O to a positive electrode of an electrolysis cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton conducting membrane. A second feed stream comprising a solvent and a non polar form of a switchable polarity material is directed into a CO.sub.2 capture apparatus. A third feed stream comprising CO.sub.2 is directed into the CO.sub.2 capture apparatus to interact with the second feed stream and form a first product stream comprising the solvent and a polar form of the switchable polarity material. The first product stream is introduced to the negative electrode. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to convert the polar form of the switchable polarity material into CO.sub.2 and the non-polar form and to form products from the CO.sub.2 and the solvent. A CO.sub.2 treatment system is also described.

The invention relates to an anode for use in electroplating applications for highly alkaline electroplating electrolytes based on sodium hydroxide for depositing zinc and zinc alloys onto steel substrates and die-cast zinc substrates.

A process and apparatus useful for continuously contacting an alkane feed at a temperature within a range from 300 C. to 600 C. and a pressure within the range from 50 psig to 500 psig with one or more reactive ceramic membrane to form an alkene with some remaining alkane and hydrogen, the hydrogen in physical isolation from the alkane and alkene, separating the alkene from the remaining alkane, and recycling the alkane to contact the reactive ceramic membrane.

Device for obtaining electrolysis products from an alkali metal chloride solution where a cathode circuit contains a circulation pump with an overflow device for the return flow of pump liquid, which continuously secures the forced circulation of the catholyte via a heat exchanger, a cathode compartment and a capacitive separator for separating the hydrogen from the catholyte. In the discharge of the hydrogen from the capacitive separator for separation of the hydrogen from the catholyte, a cooled humidity separator is installed, the condensate collection container of which is connected via a dosage pump with the freshwater feed to the mixing device of the freshwater flow with the gaseous oxidant mixture.

An object of the invention is to provide a water splitting device having a low electrolysis voltage and excellent gas separation performance. The water splitting device of the invention is a water splitting device that generates gases from the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the water splitting device including: a bath to be filled with an electrolytic aqueous solution; the positive electrode and the negative electrode disposed in the bath; and a polymer membrane that is ion-permeable and is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode in order to separate the electrolytic aqueous solution filling the bath into the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are installed at a predetermined distance from the polymer membrane, and the moisture content of the polymer membrane is 40% or more.

The disclosure relates to an electrolyzer reactor suitable for the reduction of organic compounds. The reactor includes a membrane electrode assembly with freestanding metallic meshes which serve both as metallic electrode structures for electron transport as well as catalytic surfaces for electron generation and organic compound reduction. Suitable organic compounds for reduction include oxygenated and/or unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, in particular those characteristic of bio-oil (e.g., alone or a multicomponent mixtures). The reactor and related methods provide a resource- and energy-efficient approach to organic compound reduction, in particular for bio-oil mixtures which can be conveniently upgraded at or near their point of production with minimal or no transportation.