An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes: an electrolyte membrane; a cathode catalyst layer provided on one principal surface of the electrolyte membrane; an anode catalyst layer provided on the other principal surface of the electrolyte membrane; a pair of separators which include gas flow paths and which are provided so as to sandwich the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer; and a voltage application portion applying a voltage between the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer. In the electrochemical hydrogen pump, the one principal surface is disposed at an upper side in the gravity direction, and the cathode catalyst layer has a hydrophilic property.

A method produces hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution by electrochemical reduction of oxygen. An oxygen containing gas is supplied to an electrochemically active side of a cathode contained in a cathodic compartment. The cathode contains a porous gas diffusion electrode, one side of which contains a carbon based electrochemically active layer capable of catalyzing the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The cathodic compartment is in fluid communication with an anodic compartment. At least one at least partly water soluble, weak protonic electrolyte is supplied to a catholyte. The weak protonic electrolyte has a pKa which is at least one unit higher than the pH of the catholyte at the onset of the oxygen reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide. The catholyte is not pH buffered and the pH of the catholyte is let to evolve in course of the reaction.

Artifacts from the presence of a reference electrode in a thin-film cell configuration can be minimized or eliminated by providing the surface of a reference electrode with a specified surface resistivity. Theoretical considerations are set forth that show that for a given wire size, there is a theoretical surface resistance (or resistivity) that negates all artifacts from the presence of the reference wire. The theory and the experimental results hold for a electrochemical cell in a thin-film configuration.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to methods and systems for producing and using hypochlorite from brine.

An automobile hydrogen oxygen generator includes an electrolytic hydrogen-oxygen generator, a motor, a battery, a filter and a circuit board. The electrolytic hydrogen-oxygen generator has water therein, an electrolytic tank connected to the battery, a relay sandwiched between the electrolytic tank and the battery and connected to the circuit board which is connected to an ignition switch. The filter is connected to the motor via air inlet and the electrolytic hydrogen-oxygen generator is connected to the air inlet via an air conduit.

According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction system comprises a CO.sub.2 production unit, a CO.sub.2 absorption unit, and a CO.sub.2 reduction unit. The CO.sub.2 reduction unit comprises a laminated body and an ion transfer pathway. The laminated body comprises an oxidation catalyst layer producing O.sub.2 and H.sup.+ by oxidizing H.sub.2O, a reduction catalyst layer producing carbon compounds by reducing CO.sub.2 absorbed by the CO.sub.2 absorption unit, and a semiconductor layer formed between the oxidation catalyst layer and the reduction catalyst layer and develops charge separation with light energy. The ion transfer pathways make ions move between the oxidation catalyst layer side and the reduction catalyst layer side.

The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide manufacturing device that can accurately control the amount of chlorine dioxide produced. The present invention provides a chlorine dioxide gas manufacturing device comprising an electrolysis chamber, a liquid surface level measuring chamber, and a bubbling gas feeding device. The electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber each comprises an electrolytic solution and a gas and the electrolysis chamber and the liquid surface level measuring chamber are joined to each other above each liquid surface via a gas piping and joined to each other below each liquid surface via an electrolytic solution piping so that the height of the electrolytic solutions contained in each chamber are substantially equal.

An object of the present invention is to provide a photocatalyst for water splitting, which can form a water splitting device that is excellent in durability and responsiveness to visible light and excellent in the amount of generated gas, and a water splitting device having the photocatalyst for water splitting. A photocatalyst for water splitting according to the embodiment of the present invention is a photocatalyst for water splitting, which is used for an electrode that generates gas by irradiation with light in a state of being immersed in water, and includes a compound represented by a formula, (Ln).sub.2CuO.sub.4. In the formula, Ln represents a lanthanoid, and a part of Ln's may be substituted with an element of Groups II to IV of the periodic table.

An electrolysis system and an electrolysis method wherein the electrolysis system includes a pressure-electrolytic cell and a throttle in the catholyte line, by which the catholyte flow can be divided into a gas and liquid phase. In this way, (by-)products of the electrolysis can be recycled, while the electrolytic cell can be operated effectively at a high pressure.

An electrolysis method comprising an electrolysis cell (4), which method uses at least one recirculating flushing medium (50, 60). The invention further relates to an electrolysis system, in particular for carrying out the electrolysis method.