Systems and processes for removing and purifying bromide from an aqueous bromide solution are described. Electrochemistry is used to either convert bromide to bromine to allow its extraction in an organic phase, or to cause deposition of bromine onto an electrode. In either case, once removed from the aqueous bromide solution, the bromide can be recovered and purified.

A electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: an electrolytic tank storing an electrolytic solution containing water; a fine bubble supply part which supplies fine bubbles containing carbon dioxide into the electrolytic solution; a reduction electrode which is immersed in the electrolytic solution and reduces the carbon dioxide to generate a carbon compound; an oxidation electrode which is immersed in the electrolytic solution and oxidizes the water to generate oxygen; and a photoelectric conversion body electrically connected to the reduction electrode and the oxidation electrode. The fine bubbles have a floating velocity of 10 mm/s or less in the electrolytic solution under an atmospheric pressure and 20° C. condition.

Provided is a photoelectrochemical electrode for carbon dioxide conversion. The photoelectrochemical electrode includes a conducting substrate and CuFeO.sub.2/CuO as a p-type copper-iron composite oxide electrodeposited on the conducting substrate. Upon irradiation, the photoelectrochemical electrode generates electrons and converts carbon dioxide to formate with a selectivity of 90 to 99%. Also disclosed is a photoelectrochemical device including the photoelectrochemical electrode.

An orientation independent delivery device. The delivery device includes a gas chamber, a delivery chamber, a gas cell, and a delivery aperture. The gas chamber includes a gas-side rigid portion and a gas-side flexible barrier. The gas-side flexible barrier is sealed to the gas-side rigid portion. The delivery chamber includes a delivery-side rigid portion and a delivery-side flexible barrier. The delivery-side flexible barrier is sealed to the delivery-side rigid portion and is oriented adjacent to the gas-side flexible barrier. The gas cell is coupled to the gas-side rigid portion of the gas chamber. The gas cell increases a gas pressure within the gas chamber to expand the gas-side flexible barrier. Expansion of the gas-side flexible barrier applies a compressive force to the delivery-side flexible barrier allowing a delivery material to escape from the delivery chamber.

The present invention provides a method for producing electrolyzed water composition for use in cleaning and disinfecting of an object. The method comprises preparing an electrolyte solution comprising water, at least one carbonate salt selected from: alkali metal carbonate salts, and at least one chloride salt selected from: alkali metal chloride salts and/or alkali earth metal chloride salts. The method further comprises introducing the aqueous electrolyte solution into an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of boron-doped diamond electrodes. The method further comprises operating a power supply to apply a predetermined voltage to the electrolyte solution to produce an electrolyzed water composition comprising a plurality of active molecular and ionic species with antimicrobial activity.

According to one embodiment, a photochemical reaction system comprises a CO.sub.2 production unit, a CO.sub.2 absorption unit, and a CO.sub.2 reduction unit. The CO.sub.2 reduction unit comprises a laminated body and an ion transfer pathway. The laminated body comprises an oxidation catalyst layer producing O.sub.2 and H.sup.+ by oxidizing H.sub.2O, a reduction catalyst layer producing carbon compounds by reducing CO.sub.2 absorbed by the CO.sub.2 absorption unit, and a semiconductor layer formed between the oxidation catalyst layer and the reduction catalyst layer and develops charge separation with light energy. The ion transfer pathways make ions move between the oxidation catalyst layer side and the reduction catalyst layer side.

An electrolytic system for an internal combustion engine includes an electrolyte tank for receiving an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and an electrolytic fluid therein for communication with the anode and cathode. A power source applies an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode to generate a current through the electrolytic fluid and produce an electrolytic reaction in the electrolyte tank which produces combustible gases. A gas outlet communicates the combustible gases from the electrolyte tank to the internal combustion engine. At least one of the electrodes A hollow passage which does not communicate with the electrolytic fluid in the electrolyte tank extends through one of the electrodes to receive a heat exchange fluid circulated therethrough so as to be arranged to exchange heat with said at least one of the electrodes.

The present invention relates to the production of electrolyzed aqueous solutions in an electrochemical cell. More particularly, the invention relates to an asymmetric electrochemical cell device for producing electrolyzed water or aqueous solution, while controlling the pH of the solution. The invention further relates to methods of operating said device and to the use thereof for microbial disinfection and/or pesticide removal.

There is disclosed an improved Kolbe reactor system for converting electrical power into a hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a Kolbe reactor system comprising an open cavity Kolbe reactor and an initial hydrocarbon chemical formulation comprising from about 3N to about 6N C2-C5 carboxylic acid and from about 2M to about 4M alkali C2-C5 carboxylate, wherein the C2-C5 carboxylate and carboxylic acid have the same carbon alkyl length. The Kolbe reactor system can be continuously fed with C2-C5 carboxylic acid to maintain the initial formulation for a continuous process. Electrical energy is stored by converting the carboxylic acid to hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen, and is recovered by combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen, and or conversion in a hydrogen fuel cell.

Provided are a basic electrocatalyst applied to a carbon dioxide reduction and ethylene production system, a basic electrocatalyst electrode and an apparatus each including the same, and a method of manufacturing the basic electrocatalyst electrode. The basic electrocatalyst electrode for for carbon dioxide reduction and ethylene production includes: catalyst particles each including copper hydroxide (Cu(OH).sub.2); and a basic compound. Since the basic electrocatalyst electrode has high carbon dioxide reduction performance and high ethylene selectivity, the basic electrocatalyst electrode may be applied to a reduction electrode of a carbon dioxide reduction and ethylene production apparatus and may exhibit high current density and high ethylene selectivity. The basic electrocatalyst electrode may be manufactured by a simple method, and may be applied to a large-area electrode.