Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

A rotary electromagnetic actuator includes a biasing assembly for applying a torque to its rotor. Such an actuator may be used to operate a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine. The biasing assembly is switchable between (a) a first configuration in which the biasing assembly exerts a torque on the rotor over at least part of the range of rotation of the rotor, wherein the torque exerted varies with the rotational position of the rotor according to a torque profile, and (b) a second configuration in which the biasing assembly exerts substantially no torque on the rotor over the range of the rotor.

This disclosure relates to a camshaft adjusting system for a motor vehicle, having an inner camshaft, and an outer camshaft, which is arranged coaxially with and radially on the outside of the inner camshaft. The camshaft adjusting system further includes an input wheel, which is designed to introduce torque into the camshafts, a hydraulic camshaft adjuster, which acts on the outer camshaft to adjust the phase angle of the outer camshaft relative to the input wheel, and an electric camshaft adjuster, which acts on the inner camshaft to adjust the phase angle of the inner camshaft relative to the input wheel. The input wheel is supported on the outer camshaft by means of a radial plain bearing.

An apparatus includes a valve and an actuator. The valve has a portion movably disposed within a valve pocket defined by a cylinder head of an engine. The valve is configured to move relative to the cylinder head a distance between a closed position and an opened position. The portion of the valve defines a flow opening that is in fluid communication with a cylinder of an engine when the valve is in the opened position. The actuator is configured to selectively vary the distance between the closed position and the opened position.

Provided is a metering plate for a poppet-style valve in which the metering plate includes a peripheral edge structure that reduces the impact of edge variation as a result of typical manufacturing tolerances. The peripheral edge structure is located at the sealing surface and extends from the peripheral surface of the metering plate so as to avoid a sharp edge at the outer diameter of the metering plate. In embodiments, the peripheral edge structure is a chamfered surface or a curved surface. Small dimensional deviations from these surfaces resulting from typical manufacturing tolerances do not have a significant effect on the discharge coefficient of the metering plate. In this way, the discharge coefficients of poppet-style valves across a fluid admission system are contained in a much tighter range, thereby enhancing the efficiency of and control over the fluid admission system.

Provided is a variable valve lift actuator of an engine, which includes: a first body rotating; a second body; a driving module; and a return spring, wherein an entire portion or a partial front end of the driving module is inserted into a rear end of the second body, the lift degree of the valve is variably controlled in two stages of a high-speed mode and a low-speed mode based on an operating condition of the engine, and when only the high-speed cam is installed on the camshaft, the driving pin is operated in a low-speed and low-load state of the engine to separate the first body from the second body so as to deactivate a cylinder.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

In an invention including: a piezoelectric element (13) which generates, as a displacement, a driving force necessary for an operation of a valve body (12) which is an operating body; a displacement enlarging mechanism (14) including at least a spring element so as to enlarge a displacement of the piezoelectric element (13) which acts on the valve body (12); and a driving device (15) which operates the valve body (12) by applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element (13) to extend the piezoelectric element (13), the driving device (15) includes a first filter processing unit (15x) having an inverse function characteristic of a mechanical resonance frequency when operating the displacement enlarging mechanism (14), and is configured to apply, a voltage which reduces the mechanical resonance, to the piezoelectric element (13) through this resonance suppression processing unit (15x).

An electrical system including a linear motor in which energized forcer and thruster coils are used for the field and armature elements, respectively. In accordance with various exemplary embodiments, one or more thruster coils may be provided on a reciprocating shaft with opposing single or multiple fixed forcer coils. Using coils as the electromagnets for both forcer and thruster coils advantageously provides necessary power while also minimizing system weight and decreases in magnetism typically encountered with permanent magnets with rising temperature, resulting in higher and more controllable magnetic forces over varying temperatures. A ferrous system housing and open ferrous containers for the thruster coils may be further included to advantageously focus the magnetic forces. Additionally, multiple forcer and thruster coils may be disposed in various arrangements along the reciprocating shaft. Exemplary applications include use of such a system for controlling oscillations of a poppet valve in an internal combustion engine.

An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder block that defines a cylinder and a cylinder head mounted to the cylinder block. A reciprocating piston is arranged inside the cylinder for compressing an air and fuel mixture at a geometric compression ratio of at least 10:1. A crankshaft is arranged in the cylinder block and rotated by the piston. An intake valve is operatively connected to the cylinder head and controls delivery of air to the cylinder for combustion therein. A mechanism provides a constant peak lift of the intake valve over an angle of rotation of the crankshaft that is at least 5 degrees, i.e., an extended dwell at peak lift. A multi-stage boosting system having first and second gas compressors is selectively controlled to pressurize air that is received from the ambient for delivery to the cylinder. A vehicle having such an engine is also disclosed.