A device and process for the separate removal of oppositely charged ions from electrolyte solutions and recombining them to form new chemical compositions. The invention provides the ability to create multiple ion flow channels and then form new chemical compositions therefrom. The process is accomplished by selectively combining oppositely charged ions of choice from different electrolyte solutions via the capacitive behavior of high electrical capacitance electrodes confined in insulated containers. Industrial plants employing the inventive process can have the flexibility to produce needed industrial chemical compounds such as Soda Ash, Caustic Soda, hydrochloric acid and chlorine gas, based on market demand, and can be located near points of consumption to significantly reduce transportation costs.

A bipolar membrane comprising a first member comprising at least one anion exchange material; a second member comprising at least one cation exchange material, wherein the first member and the second member together form an interface junction; and disposed within the interface junction a first layer comprising a first water dissociation catalyst and a second layer comprising a second water dissociation catalyst, wherein the first water dissociation catalyst is different than the second water dissociation catalyst.

A method of the type where a brine solution is converted to an alkali metal hydroxide solution within a diaphragm cell, and the resulting cell liquor from the diaphragm cell is introduced to one or more fuel cells for the conversion of the alkali metal hydroxide to form electricity, the improvement comprising regulating the conversion of alkali metal hydroxide within the fuel cell to a conversion of less than 90%, and then subsequently concentrating the alkali metal hydroxide concentration from the anolyte stream of the fuel cell.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation.

The present disclosure relates to an electrolytic manganese dioxide composition comprising two manganese dioxide phases, at least one of the two manganese dioxide phases having at least a portion that exhibits amorphicity. The two manganese dioxide phases may be present in a ratio of between 9:1 and 1:3. The two manganese dioxide crystal phases may be akhtenskite and ramsdellite. The present disclosure further relates to a battery comprising said electrolytic manganese dioxide composition, and methods of manufacturing said electrolytic manganese dioxide composition. The present disclosure further relates to manufacturing an electrode within a cell, the cell for use as a battery, the electrode comprising electrolytic manganese dioxide composition consisting essentially of two manganese dioxide crystal phases.

Provided herein are methods of fluorinating organic compounds. The electrochemical fluorination and radiofluorination of organic molecules using the cation pool technique is described, where the 18F and/or 19F-fluorine ions are added after the process of electrochemical oxidation, i.e., after formation of a carbocationic organic compound (i.e., a compound having a carbon atom with a positive charge).

A system and a method for the recovery of carbon dioxide from a gas containing it. The system of the invention includes: pressurizing means for pressurizing the gas, an absorption tank for absorbing into water the carbon dioxide contained in a gas pressurized with the pressurizing means, a desorption tank for desorbing from water the carbon dioxide absorbed in water, means for circulating water from the absorption tank into the desorption tank and from the desorption tank back into the absorption tank, and recovering means for the recovery of carbon dioxide capable of being desorbed from the water. The system's absorption tank houses an agitator with a function of enabling water to circulate in the absorption tank by ejecting it into an air space of the absorption tank and by spreading in the absorption tank's air space over an area as extensive as possible.

A proton-conductive electrochemical device and method for manufacturing the device. The device comprising a positive electrode able to reduce an oxidizing species, a negative electrode able to oxidize a reducing species, and a proton-conductive electrolyte, in contact with the positive and negative electrode. The device further comprises a layer able to diffuse protons and electrons, and forms a protective barrier against contaminants for the electrolyte. The layer is in contact with both the electrolyte and the negative electrode, and comprises a material of the type ABBO.sub.3 or a material of the type ABO.sub.3, wherein A is an element chosen from group II of the periodic table, B is an element chosen from cerium and group IVB of the periodic table, B is an element chosen from lanthanides or group VIIIB of the periodic table, and the layer has a porosity of less than 10% by volume.

This invention concerns a device for dissociating an aqueous phase to generate hydrogen gas, said device comprising: a first zone comprising said aqueous phase, a means of electron capture, a means for reducing protons, and an energy source, said device being characterized in that said means for proton reduction is a proton exchange interface with a front side facing said means of electron capture, and a back side, with only said back side of said proton exchange interface bearing at least one catalyst and/or at least one catalytic system.

The present specification relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrochemical battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane, an electrochemical battery module including the electrochemical battery, a flow battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane, a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte membrane, and an electrolyte solution for a flow battery.