A synthetic acid composition for replacement of hydrochloric acid in industrial activities requiring large amounts of hydrochloric acid, said composition comprising: urea and hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1; a metal iodide or iodate; an alcohol or derivative thereof. Optionally, formic acid or a derivative thereof; propylene glycol or a derivative thereof, ethylene glycol glycerol or a mixture thereof; cinnamaldehyde or a derivative thereof; and a phosphonic acid derivative can be added to the composition.

A facility secondary NO.sub.3.sup. salinized soil modifier and a modification method are disclosed. The present invention involves the preparation processes of two biological soil modifiers A and B and application methods thereof, which are specifically described as follows: (1) soil modifier A.: solid, obtained by microbial fermentation with straw powder and rice bran and the like as raw materials. C/N between 30-50, applied by uniformly mixing at 1-1.4% by mass with facility ploughing soil, co-culturing at 35-50 C. for 5-7 days, and then returning to fields; and (2) soil modifier B: liquid, subjected to salt tolerance acclimation to have effective microbial populations, and used in the crop growth period. Based on the microbial techniques, the present invention can improve soil structureness, enhance microbial activity and promote biological immobilization on inorganic nitrogen in soils, significantly increasing the facility cultivation crop yield, and improving the product quality.

A material for optimizing and maintaining at least one of water, nutrients, biocides, and other protectant or growth supporting chemicals in natural soils by decreasing leaching, evaporation, and volatility through application of agglomerated granules (prills) formed of engineered hydrating particles, a binder, nutrients, and protectants to the soil. Typical application is by applying prills simultaneously with seeds when drilled, broadcast, or otherwise distributed.

A process for making an agricultural lime product utilizes recycled carpet mineral filler material. Used carpet undergoes a shredding process separating valuable resin fibers from the mineral filler and the residual glue. The mineral filler/residual glue undergoes a screening process and then a pelletizing process to produce an agricultural lime product. A liquid or dry adhesive binder can be added to facilitate compaction of the mineral filler in such a manner as to form a pellet, which reduces dust and increases the ease of handling.

A method for comprehensively processing coal-type caustobiolites, predominantly brown coal and leonardite, into humic organic and organomineral fertilizers and intor preparations producing fuel briquettes, including carrying out main processes in a continuous flow; carrying out leaching processes based on aqueous solutions with hydromodules of close to 2, carrying out acidification processes with the formation of humic acid released from a liquid phase into a heavy phase of a coagulated pulp, carrying out mechanical phase separation processes in a centrifugal field, carrying out liquid-phase mechanoactivation and the dispersion of reaction compositions via grinding, using residual water in recycling, and including the production of water-soluble humic acids and fuel briquettes and allowing for the production of a wide range of products; preliminarily grinding raw materials to a 03 mm class, and cleaning and electrochemically softening water in preparing reaction aqueous solutions; using a liquid-phase raw material oxidation process, and using liquid-phase mechanoactivation and/or mechanochemical activation, with the dispersion of reaction compositions by means of grinding and by means of dynamically shifting layers having statistical shift rate components, of a medium to be processed, which range from single-digit meters per second to tens of meters per second; accompanying said mechanoactivation with the dosed input into said medium of 1040 MJ of mechanical energy per cubic meter, with the stabilization of said dosing regardless of the drift of all other parameters in said medium to be processed; wherein, said grinding and shifting processes are formed by means of statistical and dynamic characteristics; in this way, a dynamic hydro-pulse effect on a medium to be processed is carried out within a range of frequencies floating between infrasound and frequencies bordering on ultrasound, wherein the processing is carried out beginning with higher frequencies; in addition, providing for automatically maintaining maximum parameters for inputting mechanical energy into the medium to be processed, while automatically restricting same within a sub-cavitation zone in order to prevent the transition of the mechanochemical reactors into cavitation modes.

Syrup produced in a lignocellulosic biomass fermentation process is used as a binder for soil conditioning materials to make an agricultural composition that is easily handled and applied. The syrup binds powdery soil conditioning materials such as lime and gypsum to form pellets or granules.

A modified superabsorbent polymer (SAP) comprises a SAP matrix and urea in the form of crystals that is integrated into the SAP matrix. The SAP matrix and the urea are interpenetrated. A method for producing the modified SAP may comprise a) preparing a mixture comprising at least one urea solution and at least one SAP, b) swelling the SAP in the mixture, c) crystallizing the urea in the mixture obtained upon completion of step b), d) recovering the modified SAP in the mixture, and e) optionally, forming the modified SAP recovered at step d).

A fertilizer granule having a coating on at least of portion of a surface of the granule. The coating is made of one or more complexing agents and a coating agent of one or more of a fatty acid, fatty acid ester, organic oil mineral oil or combinations thereof. The coating may optionally include a surfactant and micronutrients. The coated fertilizer granules demonstrates a noted improvement in the utilization of the nutrients of plants and crops.