The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition for use in land application. The method comprises: (a) obtaining a fermentation product by a production process comprising the steps of: (i) treating lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar; (ii) fermenting the sugar to produce a fermented mixture comprising the fermentation product; and (iii) recovering the fermentation product from the fermented mixture in one or more stages to produce a concentrated fermentation product and still bottoms; and

(b) recovering the still bottoms, the still bottoms comprising organic and inorganic components; and (c) providing the still bottoms for use in a land application. Also provided is a soil conditioning composition for use in land application. The soil conditioning composition contains still bottoms and optionally other components.

Treated biochar and methods for treating biochar are provided. The method for treating the biochar includes forcing, assisting or accelerating the movement of an infiltrant into the pores of the biochar, whereby the treatment affects properties of the biochar that provide for a more reliable and predictable biochar for use in various applications, including, but not limited to, agricultural applications.

A mechanically resilient variety of Rushia lineolata is presented, particularly in combination with a conditioned growth medium. In preferred aspects, the variety is clonally selected for a small growth profile and mechanical resiliency to resist damage from foot traffic, and the growth medium includes a porous low-density glass component, an acidic organic absorbent component, and a microbial organic component to enhance the desired properties.

The invention relates to compositions for retaining soil moisture and improving plant growth in dry soils, which, together with one or more moisture retaining materials and wetting agents, comprises iron(III) oxides and optionally potassium metabisulfite [borken (HU), E224] as potentiating agent. The iron(III) oxides preferably are microparticulate. The composition Suitably comprises iron(III)oxides and potassium metabisulfite as potentiating agent. Other aspects of the invention relate to binding the moisture content of soils, as well as compositions for use in enhancing the efficacy of Soil retaining compositions.

A method is provided for applying porous carbonaceous particles to soil for purpose of cultivating plants having roots, where at least 95% of the porous carbonaceous particles have a particle size less than or equal to 10 mm. The method incorporates the porous carbonaceous particles into the soil surrounding the plant roots at a depth of between 0-24 inches from the soil surface, where the porous carbonaceous particles are positioned in the area surrounding the roots of the plants at a ratio of between 1:999 to 1:1 porous carbonaceous particles to soil.

Methods of amending soil to improve porosity and reduce compaction are provided. The method includes providing a carpet product. The method further includes separating the carpet product into fiber and granules. The method also includes adding the granules to the soil. The method can also include impacting the carpet product with a rotary impact separator. The method can also include impacting the carpet product with a hammer mill.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a composition for use in land application. The method comprises: (a) obtaining a fermentation product by a production process comprising the steps of: (i) treating lignocellulosic feedstock to produce sugar; (ii) fermenting the sugar to produce a fermented mixture comprising the fermentation product; and (iii) recovering the fermentation product from the fermented mixture in one or more stages to produce a concentrated fermentation product and still bottoms; and (b) recovering the still bottoms, the still bottoms comprising organic and inorganic components; and (c) providing the still bottoms for use in a land application. Also provided is a soil conditioning composition for use in land application. The soil conditioning composition contains still bottoms and optionally other components.

An aqueous modified acid composition for industrial activities, said composition comprising: an alkanolamine and strong acid in a molar ratio of not less than 1:15, preferably not less than 1:10; it can also further comprise a metal iodide or iodate. Said composition demonstrates advantages over known conventional acids and modified acids.

The present invention describes a plant growth and soil enhancement formulation, and method of using said formulation for enhanced plant growth and soil enrichment, comprising generally an organic substance such as humus and at least one mineral, preferably a bedrock material known as Geza.

The present invention discloses a method and a system of treating biomass wastes by biochemistry-thermochemistry multi-point interconnection. The present invention applies solid, gas and liquid products of the thermochemical treatment subsystem to the biochemical treatment subsystem and applies heat produced by the biochemical treatment subsystem to the thermochemical treatment subsystem, forming multi-point and two-way interconnection between the biochemical treatment subsystem and the thermochemical treatment subsystem, thereby increasing the yield and stability of energy gas of the biochemical treatment subsystem and reducing pollution and energy consumption of the thermochemical treatment subsystem respectively. The present invention is suitable for treating biomass wastes with high and low water contents at the same time, producing soil amendment, liquid fuel and biogas, having properties of low secondary pollution and significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission and so on. The bio-stability, humus content and nitrogen content of the solid product are as high as soil amendment, making it easy to store and transport.